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Lightweight ballistic composites: Military and law-enforcement applicationsEdited by A Bhatnagar, Honeywell International, USA
Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering No. 19
- reviews the current use of lightweight ballistic composites in both military and law-enforcement application
- an authoritative overview of the range of materials used, production methods and applications
- explores material requirements and testing
Ballistic composites need to be lightweight and durable as well as exhibiting high impact resistance and damage tolerance. This important book reviews these requirements, how the materials used for ballistic composites meet them and their range of applications.
After an introductory chapter, Lightweight ballistic composites is split into two main sections. The first part of the book explores material requirements and testing. There are chapters on bullets and bullet fragments, material responses to ballistic impact, standards and specifications, modelling and test methods. Part Two reviews the range of materials used, production methods and applications. Topics discussed include high-performance ballistic fibres and ceramics, non-woven ballistic and prepreg composites, and their uses in body armour, vehicle and aircraft protection.
This major book is the first of its kind to give a comprehensive review of the current use of lightweight ballistic composites in both military and law-enforcement applications. It is an invaluable reference for all those involved in personnel and vehicle protection in defence and police forces around the world.
ISBN 1 85573 941 0
ISBN-13: 978 1 85573 941 3
June 2006
448 pages 234 x 156mm hardback
£165.00 / US$280.00 / €200.00
Usually dispatched within 24 hours
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Contents
PART 1 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS AND TESTING
PART 2 TYPES OF MATERIAL AND THEIR APPLICATION
Introduction
L Wagner, Honeywell International Inc, USA
- History
- Ballistic fibres
- Fibre-reinforced ballistic armour
- Woven ballistic materials
- Non-woven lightweight armour materials
- Prepregs and coatings
- Hard and soft armour
- Ceramic faced lightweight composite armour
- Fabrication processes
- Testing of ballistic materials
- Ballistic threats
- Design of ballistic products
- Specifications and standards
- Numerical modelling of armour
- Applications
- Vehicle armour
- Future growth of fibre-reinforced armour
- Raw materials–converter partnership
- Rapid growth of armour materials
- Integration and mergers of armour industry
- References
PART 1 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS AND TESTING
Bullets, bullet fragments and deformation
A Bhatnagar, Honeywell International Inc, USA
- Introduction
- Handguns and rifles
- Handgun bullets
- Fragments
- Right circular cylinder (RCC) fragments composition
- Small arms bullets
- Projectile firing
- Timing of firing
- Casualty reduction analysis
- Penetration and deformation of bullets and fragments
- Factors affecting deformation of bullets penetrating a flexible of rigid armour
- References
Material responses to ballistic impact
A Poursatip, The University of British Columbia, Canada
- Introduction
- Global response
- Local response
- Influencing parameters
- References
Modelling ballistic impact
A M S Hamouda and R M Sohaimi, Univesity Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
- Introduction
- Computational aspects
- Ballistic computational modelling
- Concluding remarks and future trends
- References
Standards and specifications for lightweight ballistic materials
A Bhatnagar, Honeywell International Inc, USA
- Introduction
- Military Standard MIL-STD-662F: V50 Ballistic Test for Armour
- National Institute of Technology: NIJ Standard 0101.04
- PSDB Ballistic Armour Standard
- NATO Standardization Agreement, STANAG 2920, ballistic test method for personal armours
- International Standard, ISO/FDIS 14876 (Draft): Protective clothing – body armour
- NIJ Standard – 0106.01 for ballistic helmets
- Vehicle armour
- National Institute for Justice, NIJ 0108 – ballistic resistant protective materials
- Specifications
- Multiple threat body armour ‘interceptor’
- Small arms protective inserts (SAPI)
- ESAPI
- Pacific Rim countries breast plates
- European vest
- South Asian ballistic vest
- Military helmet specification
- MIL-L-62474B (AT): Laminate aramid-fabric-reinforced plastics
- References
Testing lightweight ballistic materials
D R Dunn, H P White Laboratory Inc, USA
- Armour general
- Armour penetration
- Armour protection
- Armour testing
- Ballistic threats
- Test methodologies
- Ballistic resistance methodologies
- Ballistic limit (V50) testing
- Stab resistance methodologies
- Composite versus monolithic armour
- Miscellaneous considerations
PART 2 TYPES OF MATERIAL AND THEIR APPLICATION
High-performance ballistic fibres
T Tam and A Bhatnagar, Honeywell International Inc, USA
- Introduction
- Classical high-performance fibres
- Rigid chain aromatic high-performance fibres
- High-temperature performance fibres
- High-performance thermoplastic fibres
- Physical properties comparison
- Requirements for high-performance fibre
- Aramid fibres
- Gel spinning of HMPE fibre
- Poly (P-phenylenebenzobisoxoazole) fibre
- References
Fabrics and composites for the ballistic protection of personnel
J W Song, US Army Research Development and Engineering Command, Natick Soldier Center and B L("Les") Lee, US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, USA
- Introduction
- Impact testing
- Penetration failure mechanisms of fabric and composite armours
- Analytical models predicting penetration failure and ballistic limit prediction
- References
Non-woven ballistic composites
H L Thomas, Auburn University, USA
- Introduction
- Protective materials, devices and end use requirements
- Proper selections of fibres
- Variations of fibre forms
- Filament lay up composites
- Historical uses of non-woven ballistic resistant fibres
- Methodologies for use of non-woven ballistic resistant fabrics
- Future directions for non-woven fabric applications
- References
Prepreg ballistic composites
A Bhatnagar and B Arvidson, Honeywell International Incorporated, and W Pataki, Bedford Materials Incorporated, USA
- Introduction
- Soft armour
- Hard armour
- Ballistic prepregs with thermoplastic resins
- Hard armour prepregs
- Surface properties of ballistic materials
- Prepregs tension control
- Ballistic versus structural prepregs
- Prepregs techniques
- Thermoset resins for ballistic prepregs
- Thermoplastic resins for ballistic prepregs
- Thermoset–thermoplastic hybrid prepregs
- Other prepregs techniques
- Additives for thermoplastic and thermoset resins
- Quality of ballistic prepregs
- Storage of prepregs
- Shipping of ballistic prepregs
- Recycle of prepregs
- Disposal of prepregs
- References
- Partial list of ballistics materials prepregsers
Ballistic material processing
A Hannibal and B Weir, Composiflex, USA
- Introduction
- Materials for ballistic composites
- Molds
- Heating and cooling systems for molds
- Mold release
- Adhesive bonding
- Selection of bonding material
- Material preparation for fabrication
- Mold preparation
- Effective ballistic tolerant structure
- Processing of ballistic composites
- Method of production
- The press
- Autoclave versus high pressure molding for ballistic components
- Effect of molding pressure
- Molding of ballistic products
- Hand-held riot shield fabrication
- Molding of ballistic insets
- Ceramic faced breast plates
- Machining of ballistic composites
- Conclusion
New ballistic products and technologies
B R Scott, US Army Research Laboratory, USA
- Introduction
- Fibre reinforcement
- Woven versus non-woven
- Ballistic matrices, resins and prepregs
- Ceramics and other facing materials
- Manufacturing processes
- New ballistic products
- Future of the composite armour market
Military and law-enforcement applications of lightweight ballistic materials
A Bhatnagar, Honeywell Incorporated and D Lang, Armor Holding Incorporated, USA
- Introduction
- US Military
- European Military
- Asian Military
- Law enforcement ballistic protection
- Vehicle Armour
- Armoured ground vehicles
- References of the websites
Ceramic-faced body armour
J M Salamé and B Quefelec, ARES Protection, France
- Introduction
- Type of ceramics
- Shape of ceramics
- Backing lightweight composites materials
- Fabrication of ceramic faced armour
- Testing of ceramic faced armour
- Ballistic performance of ceramic faced material