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Wearable electronics and photonics

Edited by X M Tao, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong

Woodhead Textiles Series No. 46

 - stay one step ahead of the industry on this hot topic
 - evaluates the major new concept of integrating electronics into clothing
 - explores future trends for fashion and specialist clothing
 - essential guide for all electrical, textile and biomedical engineers as well as academics and fashion designers

Integrating electronics into clothing is a major new concept, which opens up a whole array of multi-functional, wearable electro-textiles for sensing/monitoring body functions, delivering communication facilities, data transfer, individual environment control, and many other applications. With revolutionary advancements occurring at an unprecedented rate in many fields of science and electronics the possibilities offered by wearable technologies are tremendous and widespread. These advancements will transform the world and will soon begin to permeate into commercial products.

The first section of the book discusses the materials and devices used in the field, including electro-statically generated nanofibres, electroceramic fibres and composites and electroactive fabrics. It summarizes recent developments in electrically conductive fabric structures and puts together a few theoretical treatments of the electro-mechanical properties of various fabric structures. The next section reviews topics related to wearable photonics such as fibre optic sensors and integrated smart textile structures, the developments in various flexible photonic display technologies as well as looking at current communication apparel and optical fibre fabric displays. Next the book focuses on integrated structures and system architectures. Finally the issues facing a fashion designer working with wearables are explored.

Wearable electronics and photonics covers many aspects of the cutting-edge research and development into this exciting field and provides a window through which only a small portion of the exciting emerging technology can be seen. With contributions from a panel of international experts in the field this is an essential guide for all electrical, textile and biomedical engineers as well as academics and fashion designers.

ISBN 1 85573 605 5
ISBN-13: 978 1 85573 605 4
March 2005
256 pages  234 x 156mm  hardback  
£145.00 / US$245.00 / €180.00

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About the editor

Xiaoming Tao is Head and Chair Professor at Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Prof. Xiaoming Tao is Chair Professor and Head of the Institute of Textiles and Clothing. Graduating with a Beng in Textile Engineering and a first-class prize for undergraduate students from the East China Institute of Textile Science and Technology in 1982, She gained her PhD in Textile Physics from the University of New South Wales, Australia in 1987. Prof. Tao is an elected fellow of the Textile Institute International and the Hong Kong Institution of Textile and Apparel. She is a member of various professional societies including the Optical Society of America, the American Institute of Physics, the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, the Chinese Society of Textile Engineers and the Hong Kong Society of Materials Research and the Hong Kong Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics.

Contents

Introduction
X Tao, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
 - Overview
 - Current and future wearable technology
 - Applications of wearable electronics and photonics
 - Implications of wearable technology
 - References

Electrostatically generated nanofibres for wearable electronics
K Ko, A El-Aufy, H Lam, Drexel University, and A G MacDiarmid, University of Pennsylvania, USA
 - Introduction
 - Electrospinning process
 - Electroactive nanofibers
 - Ultra-low dielectric constant of nanocomposite fibrus film
 - Conclusions
 - Acknowledgments
 - References

Electroceramic fibres and composites for intelligent apparel applications
H L W Chan, K Li and C L Choy,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
 - Introduction
 - Fabrication of samarium and manganese doped lead titanate fibres
 - Fabrication of ceramic fibre/epoxy 1-3 composites
 - Electrochemical properties of ceramic fibre/epoxy 1-3 composites
 - The modified parallel and series model of ceramic/polymer 1-3 composites
 - Possible uses of ceramic fibres and composites in intelligent apparel applications
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Electroactive fabrics and wearable man-machine interfaces
D De Rossi, F Carpi, F Lorussi, E P Scilingo, A Tognetti, University of Pisa, and R Paradiso, Smartex s.r.l., Italy
 - Introduction
 - Sensing fabrics
 - Actuating fabrics
 - Smart fabrics for health care
 - Smart fabrics for motion capture
 - Smart textiles as kinaesthetic interfaces
 - Conclusion
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Electromechanical properties of conductive fibres, yarns and fabrics
P Xue, X M Tao, M Y Leung, H Zhang, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
 - Introduction
 - Conductive textiles
 - Electrochemical properties of PPy-coated conductive fibres/yarns
 - Performance of the electrically conductive fabrics
 - Applications
 - Conclusions
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Integration of fibre optic sensors and sensing networks into textile structures
M El-Sherif, Drexel University, USA
 - Introduction
 - Smart textiles
 - Modelling and analysis
 - Manufacturing of smart textiles
 - Application of smart textiles
 - Acknowledgements
 - Bibliography
 - References

Wearable photonics based on integrative polymeric photonic fibres
X Tao, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
 - Introduction
 - Photonic band-gap materials
 - Fibre-harvesting ambient light-reflective displays
 - Opto-amplification in active disordered media and photonic band-gap structures
 - Electroluminescent fibres and fabrics
 - Textile-based flexible displays
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Communication apparel, optical fibre fabric display
V Koncar, ENSAIT - GEMTEX Laboratory, and E Deflin and A Weill, France Telecom Recherche et Développement, France
 - Introduction
 - Communication apparel
 - Optical fibre fabric display
 - Acknowledgments
 - References

Wearable computing systems – electronic textiles
T Kirstein, D Cottet, J Grzyb and G Tröster, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Switzerland
 - Introduction
 - Why is clothing an ideal place for intelligent systems? Electronic textiles
 - Electrical characterization of textile networks
 - Conclusions
 - Future challenges
 - References

Data transfer for smart clothing: requirements and potential technologies
J Rantanen and M Hännikäinen, Tampere University of Technology, Finland
 - Introduction
 - Smart clothing concept model
 - Data transfer in smart clothing
 - Implementations for communication
 - Summary
 - References

Interaction design in smart textiles clothing and applications
S Baurley, University of the Arts London, UK
 - Introduction
 - Knowledge age: dematerialization of information and communications technology and the rise of ubiquitous intelligence
 - New commercial imperatives
 - Design and development: multi-disciplinary collaboration
 - A new language for textiles: combining the real and the virtual
 - Technology enablers
 - Future technology enablers
 - Conclusions
 -  Acknowledgements
 - Sources of further information
 - References