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Medical and healthcare textiles

Edited by S C Anand, University of Bolton, J F Kennedy, Chembiotech Ltd, M Miraftab and S Rajendran, University of Bolton, UK

Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles No. 75

 - provides a comprehensive overview of medical textiles from the risk of infection control and barrier materials through to directives, regulations and standards shaping the medical device industry
 - explores developments in healthcare and hygiene products including odor and pH control as well as protective and disposable fabrics
 - reviews development in the area of implantable materials featuring vascular grafts, knee implants and scaffolds

Medical textiles remain one of the most dynamic areas of research in textiles. Medical and healthcare textiles is the fourth in a series of conferences held at the University of Bolton. Like its predecessors, it has attracted papers from some of the leading international centres of expertise in the field. Contributors cover a range of topics including emerging textile-based biomaterials, hygienic textiles, the use of textiles in infection control and as barrier materials, bandaging and pressure garments for managing chronic infections such as ulcers, the role of textiles in the management of burns and wounds, textile-based implantable devices such as tissue scaffolds and sutures, and intelligent textiles.

Published in association with The Textile Institute

£165.00 / US$280.00 / €200.00

An e-book version of this title is available to purchase as part of a Collection or Pick n Mix or by Chapter. Visit Woodhead Publishing Online

About the editors

Professor Subhash Anand MBE is Professor of Technical Textiles at the University of Bolton, UK. He has published over 200 textile research papers and holds six patents in technical textiles. He was awarded Member of Order of British Empire (MBE) for services to higher education and textile industry in 2008.

Professor John Frederick Kennedy is Director of Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, Bromsgrove, UK. His principle researches lie in the applications of carbohydrates and proteins and he has published over 500 papers and produced over 45 books.

Dr Mohsen Miraftab is a Reader in Medical Textiles at University of Bolton, UK. He has over 60 publications in international scientific and technological journals and a number of patents to his name.

Dr Subbiyan ‘Raj’ Rajendran is a distinguished research scientist and has earned worldwide recognition in healthcare and medical textiles research. He has published 121 research papers that include 9 books and 6 patents.

Titles which may also be of interest:
Medical textiles and biomaterials for healthcare
Biomaterials, artificial organs and tissue engineering
Artificial cells, cell engineering and therapy
Advanced textiles for wound care
Smart textiles for medicine and healthcare

Contents

PART 1 INFECTION CONTROL AND BARRIER MATERIALS
PART 2 HEALTHCARE AND HYGIENE PRODUCTS
PART 3 WOUND CARE MATERIALS
PART 4 BANDAGING AND PRESSURE GARMENTS
PART 5 IMPLANTABLE MATERIALS
PART 6 MEDICAL DEVICES
PART 7 SMART MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES
PART 8 INDUSTRY STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

PART 1 INFECTION CONTROL AND BARRIER MATERIALS

Infection control and barrier materials: an overview
S Rajendran, University of Bolton, UK
 - Introduction
 - Wound infection
 - Hospital protective materials
 - Bibliography

Antimicrobial properties of silver-containing chitosan fibres
Y Qin and C Zhu, The Biochemical Materials Research and Development Centre, China
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Results and discussion
 - Conclusions
 - References

Copper-impregnated antimicrobial textiles: an innovative weapon to fight infection
G Borkow, A Felix and J Gabbay, Cupron Inc, USA
 - Copper as a biocide
 - Incorporation of copper oxide into natural and synthetic fibres
 - Biocidal properties of fabrics containing copper oxide
 - Clinical studies
 - Discussion
 - References

A review of the role of microwaves in the destruction of pathogenic bacteria
A S Lamb and E Siores, University of Bolton, UK
 - Microwave interactions with materials
 - Fixed frequency microwave interactions with bacteria
 - Work carried out at the University of Bolton
 - Flow cytometry
 - Concluding remarks
 - References

Antimicrobial bioactive band-aids with prolonged and controlled action
P Skundric, L Simovic, M Kostic, A Medovic, K Milosevi and S Dimitrijevic, University of Belgrade, Serbia
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Experimental results and discussion
 - Conclusion
 - References

Comparison of antimicrobial textile treatments
E Smith, J T Williams, S E Walsh and P Painter, De Montfort University, UK
 - Introduction
 - Materials and methods
 - Results and discussion
 - Conclusions
 - References

Evaluation of plasma-deposited anti-adhesive and anti-bacterial coatings on medical textiles
A J Paul, F Bretagnol, G Buyle, C Colin, O Lefranc and H Rauscher, CSMA Ltd, UK
 - Plasma treatment of textiles
 - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
 - Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToFSIMS)
 - References

Controlling the spread of infections in hospital wards by the use of antimicrobials on medical textiles and surfaces
W C White, AEGIS Environmental Management, USA, R. Bellfield, Carrington Career and Workwear Ltd, UK, J Ellis, Devan-PPT Chemicals Ltd, UK and Ir P Vandendaele, Devan Chemicals NV, Belgium
 - Introduction
 - Microorganisms
 - Antimicrobials
 - Organofunctional silane antimicrobial technology
 - Verification techniques and safety profile
 - Potential uses
 - Hospital blankets
 - Nonwoven surgical drapes
 - Wound care silk dressings
 - Carpeting
 - Uniforms
 - Silicone rubber
 - Case study: the Arthur G
 - James Cancer Center Hospital and Research Institute
 - Summary
 - References

Inherently antimicrobial alchite fibres developed for wound care applications
M Miraftab, C Iwu, C Okoro and G Smart, University of Bolton, UK
 - Introduction
 - Production methodology
 - Results and discussions
 - Conclusions
 - References

Antimicrobial textiles for health and hygiene applications based on eco-friendly natural products
M Joshi, R Purwar and S W Ali, Indian Institute of Technology, India and S Rajendran, University of Bolton, UK
 - Introduction
 - Natural antimicrobial agents for textile substrates
 - Antimicrobial finishing of textiles based on neem extract
 - Conclusion
 - References

Investigation of the filtration properties of medical masks
M Akalin, I Usta, D Kocak and M S Ozen, Marmara University, Turkey
 - Introduction
 - Materials and method
 - Results
 - Conclusion
 - References

Lint release characteristics of nonwoven wipes
V K Kothari and R Loganathan, Indian Institute of Technology, India
 - Introduction
 - Design of measurement apparatus
 - Materials and methods
 - Results and discussion
 - Conclusions

Development of antimicrobial polyester using neem extract
S W Ali, B Gupta and M Joshi, Indian Institute of Technology, India
 - Introduction
 - Materials
 - Methods
 - Results and discussion
 - Conclusion
 - References

Fixation of cationic antibacterial products before dyeing: a more ecological process
R V Vieira, J G Santos, G M B Soares and J I N R Gomes, University of Minho, Portugal
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Results and discussion
 - Conclusions
 - References

Preliminary studies into wash-fast antimicrobial treatments of polyester
O Hauck, N Allen, G C Lees, H Rowe and J Verran, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
 - Introduction
 - Background
 - Methodology
 - Results
 - Future work
 - References

Enzyme-catalysed coupling of functional antioxidants onto protein fibres
S Jus and G M Guebitz, Technical University of Graz, Austria and V Kokol, University of Maribor, Slovenia
 - Introduction
 - Materials and methods
 - Results and discussion
 - Conclusions
 - References

PART 2 HEALTHCARE AND HYGIENE PRODUCTS

Healthcare and hygiene products: an overview
S C Anand, University of Bolton, UK
 - Introduction
 - Recent advances
 - References

Cellulosic materials for odor and pH control
J K Dutkiewicz, Buckeye Technologies Inc, USA
 - Introduction
 - Experimental model
 - Ammonia emission studies
 - FreshcomfortTM technology
 - Conclusions
 - References

Development of a high-absorbent sanitary napkin
A Das, V K Kothari and S Makhija, Indian Institute of Technology, India
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Results and discussions
 - Conclusions
 - References

Retention of anionic surfactant following garment laundering and its potential effect on dermatitis sufferers
H D Rowe, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Results
 - Discussion
 - Conclusions
 - References

Preparation of protective disposable hygiene fabrics for medical applications
M Montazer, Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran, F Rangchi, Tehran Azad University, Iran and F Siavoshi, Tehran University, Iran
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Conclusions
 - References

Development of surgical clothing from bamboo fibres
K Ramachandralu, PSG College of Technology, India
 - Introduction
 - Materials and methods
 - Results and discussions
 - Conclusions
 - References

Thermal characterization and mechanical properties of PLA yarns
A M Manich, M Marti and R M Sauri, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Spain, D Cayuela, Technical University of Catalonia, Spain and M Ussman, Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal
 - Introduction
 - Materials
 - Methods
 - Results
 - Discussion and conclusions
 - References

PART 3 WOUND CARE MATERIALS

Wound care materials: an overview
M Miraftab, University of Bolton, UK
 - Introduction
 - Wounds: natural healing mechanisms versus wound care materials
 - Review of papers on wound care materials
 - References

Controlled drug release from nanofibrous polyester materials
M J Bide, University of Rhode Island, USA, M D Phaneuf and T M Phaneuf, BioSurfaces, USA and P J Brown, Clemson University, USA
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Results
 - Conclusions
 - References

Development of odour (volatile molecule) adsorbent materials for healthcare
G Lee, S C Anand and S Rajendran, University of Bolton, UK and I Walker, Lantor (UK) Ltd, UK
 - Introduction
 - Odour adsorbent materials
 - Experimental work
 - Results
 - Conclusions
 - References

Development of a decision support system for determination of suitable dressings for wounds
K G Karthick and M Miraftab, University of Bolton, UK and J Ashton, Bolton Primary Care Trust, UK
 - Introduction
 - Research amongst nursing staff
 - The need for a decision support system
 - Expert systems in medicine
 - Decision support system for wound dressing selection
 - Conclusion
 - References

Treatment of cotton fabrics with ethyl cellulose microcapsules
B Voncina, V Vivod and D Jausovec, University of Maribor, Slovenia
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Results and discussion
 - Conclusions
 - References

Measuring interface pressure in compression garments for burns patients
E Maklewska, A Nawrocki, K Kowalski and W Tarnowski, Institute of Knitting Technology and Techniques, Poland
 - Introduction
 - Investigation methods
 - Test material
 - Test results and discussion
 - Conclusions
 - References

Psyllium: current and future applications
R Masood and M Miraftab, University of Bolton, UK
 - Introduction
 - The psyllium plant
 - History
 - Traditional food applications
 - Physiochemical properties of psyllium
 - Recent medical application of psyllium
 - Other applications of psyllium
 - Conclusions
 - References

PART 4 BANDAGING AND PRESSURE GARMENTS

Bandaging and pressure garments: an overview
S C Anand, University of Bolton, UK
 - Introduction
 - Causes of venous disorders
 - Factors which determine sub-bandage pressure
 - Classification of compression bandages
 - Recent advances in compression therapy
 - Single-layer compression bandages
 - References

Biomaterials with controlled elasticity for post-operation recovery
M Carmen and E Alexandra, The National Institute for Textile and Leather, Romania
 - Introduction
 - Testing cytotoxicity and sensitizing potential
 - Testing methods
 - Results: sensitizing and irritation potential
 - Conclusions
 - References

A study of the pressure profile of compression bandages and compression garments for treatment of venous leg ulcers
M Sikka, S Ghosh and A Mukhopadhyay, National Institute of Technology, India
 - Introduction
 - Materials
 - Method
 - Results and discussion
 - Conclusions
 - References

Development of three-dimensional structures for single-layer compression therapy
S Rajendran and S C Anand, University of Bolton, UK
 - Introduction
 - The treatment of venous leg ulcers
 - Compression systems
 - Problems with current bandages
 - 3D compression bandages
 - Materials and methods
 - Results and discussion
 - Summary
 - References

Intermittent pneumatic compression and bandaging: the effects of external pressure applied over bandaging
S Rithalia and M Leyden, University of Salford, UK
 - Introduction
 - Methods and materials
 - Results
 - Conclusions
 - References

Physiological effects of Lycra® pressure garments on children with cerebral palsy
J Attard, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, UK and S Rithalia, University of Salford, UK
 - Introduction
 - Cerebral palsy
 - Dynamic Lycra® pressure garments
 - Aims and objectives of study
 - Method
 - Results
 - Discussion
 - Conclusions
 - References

Empirical modelling of elastic properties of pressure garments for healthcare
S Pereira, S C Anand and S Rajendran, University of Bolton, UK and C Wood, Baltex Ltd, UK
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Results and discussion
 - Conclusions
 - References

Investigation of elastic properties of multiaxial warp knitted bandages
M Akalin, D Kocak, S I Mistik and M Uzun, Marmara University, Turkey
 - Introduction
 - Materials and methods
 - Results
 - Conclusions
 - References

PART 5 IMPLANTABLE MATERIALS

Implantable materials: an overview
S Rajendran, University of Bolton, UK
 - Introduction
 - Vascular grafts
 - Knee implants
 - Mesh grafts
 - Scaffolds
 - Bibliography

Designing vena cava filters with textile structures
J Yoon and M W King, North Carolina State University, USA and E Johnson, Crux Biomedical Inc, USA
 - Introduction
 - Current filters for embolic protection
 - Discussion
 - Conclusion
 - References

Application of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a biomaterial in medical textiles
S Houis and T Gries, RWTH Aachen University, Germany, E M Engelhardt and F Wurm, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
 - Introduction
 - State of the art
 - Production of medical textiles
 - Projects using PVDF for medical applications
 - Conclusion
 - References

Textile scaffolds for tissue engineering – near future or just vision?
D Aibibu, S Houis, M S Harwoko and T Gries, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
 - Introduction
 - Materials
 - Results
 - Discussion
 - References

Visible invisibility: contamination-aware textile surfaces
A Toomey, Royal College of Art, UK
 - Introduction
 - Infection risks
 - Infection control
 - ‘Visible invisibility’ contamination aware surfaces
 - Conclusion
 - References

Textile medical products for the stabilization of the thoracic wall
E Alexandra and M Carmen, The National Institute for Textile and Leather, Romania and N Alexandru, Victor Babes Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Romania
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Clinical experiments
 - Results
 - Conclusions
 - References

Predicting the fatigue performance of endovascular prostheses
H Zhao, L Wang, Y Li and X Liu, Donghua University, China and M W King, North Carolina State University, USA
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Results and discussion
 - Conclusions
 - References

Integration and embedding of vital signs sensors and other devices into textiles
M J Abreu, H Carvalho, A Catarino and A Rocha, Universidade do Minho, Portugal
 - Introduction
 - Review of the state of the art
 - Overview of general principles
 - Experimental, results and discussions
 - Conclusions
 - References

PART 6 MEDICAL DEVICES

Textile-based medical devices: an overview
J F Kennedy and C J Knill, Chembiotech Laboratories – Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, UK
 - What is a medical device?
 - Medical textiles and their applications
 - Biomaterials used in medical textiles
 - References

Design and release rates of a novel biodegradable slow-release implant for the prevention of paediatric dental caries
G J Dunn and A F Fotheringham, Heriot-Watt University, UK
 - Introduction
 - Materials and methods
 - Results and discussion
 - Conclusions
 - References

Maternity support garment for the relief of lower back pain
S Ho, W Yu, T Lao, D Chow, J Chun and, Y Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
 - Introduction
 - Study aims
 - Study objectives
 - Summary
 - References

Self-powered medical devices for vibration suppression
L M Swallow, E Siores, D Dodds and J K Luo, University of Bolton, UK
 - Introduction
 - Piezoelectric materials
 - Power harvesting
 - Vibration suppression
 - Device overview
 - Results
 - Discussion
 - Future work
 - References

Gas plasma treatment of polypropylene (PP) dental tape
J M Warren, R R Mather and D Robson, Heriot-Watt University UK and A Neville, University of Leeds, UK
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Surface characteristics of plasma treated tape
 - PP tapes as dental flosses
 - References

Investigating fracture mechanisms of some non-absorbable sutures in vivo
A S Hockenberger and E Karaca, Uludag University, Turkey
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Results and discussion
 - Conclusion
 - References

Wearable microwave radiometry device for early detection of sub-tissue oncological imperfections
T Shah and E Siores, University of Bolton, UK
 - Introduction
 - Main types of breast cancer
 - Detection of breast cancer
 - Microwave radiometry
 - Microwave radiometer design and testing
 - Device integration with fabric
 - Conclusions
 - References

Investigation of differences in caprosyn, biosyn, polysorb, novafil and surgipro sutures
A D Erem and E Onder, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey and H H Erem, GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Turkey
 - Introduction
 - Materials
 - Method
 - Results
 - Conclusions
 - References

PART 7 SMART MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES

Smart materials and technologies: an overview
M Miraftab, University of Bolton, UK
 - Introduction
 - Review of papers on smart materials
 - References

Smart textiles embedded with optical fibre sensors for health monitoring of patients
F Pirotte, Centexbel, Belgium, A Depre, Elasta, Belgium, R Shishoo, Shishoo Consulting, Sweden, J De Jonckheere, ITM, France and A Grillet, Multitel, Belgium
 - Introduction
 - OFSETH research project
 - Preliminary results
 - Conclusions
 - References

Integrating contactless sensors for stress level monitoring into clothing using conductive threads
C Rotsch, D Zschenderlei and U Möhring, TITV Greiz, Germany
 - Introduction
 - Conductive thread materials for the integration of textile sensors and actuators
 - References

Designing compressive stretch garments for improved comfort and fit
P A Watkins, London College of Fashion, UK
 - Introduction
 - Garment pressure research literature
 - Traditional pattern design and mobility
 - Proximal fit pattern design
 - Summary
 - References

Burn hazard potential, pre-ignition and post-ignition thermal properties of textiles
A W Kolhatkar, J D Institute of Engineering and Technology, India and P C Patel, M S University of Baroda, India
 - Introduction
 - Materials and methods
 - Results and discussion
 - Conclusions
 - References

Assessing the performance of alternating pressure air mattresses (APAMs
S V S Rithalia, University of Salford, UK
 - Introduction
 - Methods and materials
 - Results
 - Discussion
 - References

Smart textiles with slow-release ceramides for sensitive skin
M Marti, R Ramirez and L Coderch, IIQAB (CSIC), Spain and M Lis, J A Navarro and J Valldeperas, INTEXTER (UPC), Spain
 - Introduction
 - Ceramides from wool
 - Liposome formation and evaluation
 - Application of IWL-ceramide liposomes
 - Microencapsulation
 - Conclusions
 - References

PART 8 INDUSTRY STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

Directives, regulations and standards for the medical device industry: an overview
C J Knill and J F Kennedy, Chembiotech Laboratories – Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, UK
 - Medical devices in the EU
 - Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency
 - CE marking
 - Safety/quality standard monitoring
 - Biocompatibility testing
 - The Drug Tariff
 - References

Recent changes to the UK Drug Tariff for appliances listed in Part IX
G J Collyer, Sumed International Ltd, UK
 - Introduction
 - History to the reimbursement of appliances
 - The Gershon Review 2004
 - The Supply Chain Excellence Programme
 - Conclusions
 - References