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Thermal and moisture transport in fibrous materials

Edited by N Pan, University of California and P Gibson, US Army Soldier Systems Center, USA

Woodhead Textiles Series No. 56

 - summarises the structure, geometry and stereology of fibrous materials
 - discusses the fundamentals of wetting and its dynamics
 - analyses thermal and liquid interactions in textiles
 - includes chapters on the human thermoregulatory system, interfacing between fibrous materials and the human body and modelling techniques.
 - published in association with The Textile Institute

The transfer of heat and moisture through textiles is vital to the manufacture and design of clothing, technical and protective textiles. Continued advances in textile processing technology, the growth of manufactured nonwovens and the application of nanotechnology have resulted in a wealth of research in order to characterise the behaviour of these materials. Thermal and moisture transport in fibrous materials provides a comprehensive guide of the technological developments and scientific understanding in this area.

The first section summarises the structure, geometry and stereology of fibrous materials. The fundamentals of wetting and its dynamics are also discussed. Part 2 analyses thermal and liquid interactions in textiles and offers insights into the thermodynamic behaviour of moisture as well as heat and moisture coupling. The book concludes with chapters on the human thermoregulatory system, interfacing between fibrous materials and the human body and innovative computer modelling simulations.

Thermal and moisture transport in fibrous materials is an essential reference for all those involved in the textile industry, especially those concerned with the design and manufacture of technical textiles and protective clothing.

ISBN 1 84569 057 5
ISBN-13: 978 1 84569 057 1
October 2006
632 pages  234 x 156mm  hardback  
£160.00 / US$270.00 / €200.00

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About the editors

Dr Ning Pan is a Professor at the University of California, Davis, in the Division of Textiles and Clothing and the Department of Biological/Agricultural Engineering. He has published widely in the areas of mechanics and physics of fibrous materials, and is a Fellow of both ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) and the Textile Institute.

Dr Phil Gibson works at the highly regarded U.S Army Soldier Systems Center, internationally renowned for its pioneering research in the field of textiles.

Contents

PART 1 TEXTILE STRUCTURE AND MOISTURE TRANSPORT
PART 2 HEAT-MOISTURE INTERACTIONS IN TEXTILE MATERIALS
PART 3 TEXTILE-BODY INTERACTIONS AND MODELLING ISSUES

PART 1 TEXTILE STRUCTURE AND MOISTURE TRANSPORT

Characterising the structure and geometry of fibrous materials
N Pan and Z Sun, University of California, USA
 - Geometrical characterization of single fiber
 - Basic parameters for porous media
 - Characterization of fibrous materials
 - Mathematical descriptions of the anisotropy of a fibrous material
 - The pore distribution in a fibrous material
 - The tortuosity distributions in a fibrous material
 - Structural analysis of fibrous materials with special fiber orientations
 - Determination of the fiber orientation
 - The packing problem
 - References

Understanding the three-dimensional structure of fibrous materials using stereology
D Lukas, Technical University of Liberec, Czech Republic
 - Introduction
 - Basic stereological principles
 - Stereology of two-dimensional fibrous mass
 - Stereology of a three-dimensional fibrous mass
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

The essentials of moisture transport in textiles
N Pan and Z Sun, University of California, USA
 - Introduction
 - Essentials of psychometry
 - Moisture in a medium and the moisture sorption isotherm
 - Wettability of different material types
 - Mathematical description of moisture sorption isotherms
 - References

Surface tension, wetting and wicking in textiles
W Zong, University of Manitoba, Canada
 - Introduction
 - Wetting and wicking
 - Adhesive forces and interactions across interfaces
 - Surface tension, curvature, roughness and their effects on wetting phenomena
 - Summary
 - References

Wetting phenomena in textile fibres
R S Rengasamy, Indian Institute of Technology, India
 - Introduction
 - Surface tension
 - Curvature effects on surfaces
 - Capillarity
 - Surface roughness of solids
 - Hysteresis effects
 - Meniscus
 - Instability of liquid flow
 - Morphological transitions of liquid bodies in parallel fiber bundles
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

The dynamics of sorption behaviour in textiles
N Pan and Z Sun, University of California, USA
 - Introduction
 - Fundamentals
 - Complete wetting of curved surfaces
 - Liquid spreading dynamics on a solid surface
 - Rayleigh instability
 - Lucas-Washburn theory and wetting of fibrous media
 - Understanding wetting and liquid spreading
 - References

PART 2 HEAT-MOISTURE INTERACTIONS IN TEXTILE MATERIALS

Thermal conduction and moisture diffusion in fibrous materials
Z Sun and N Pan, University of California, USA
 - Introduction
 - Thermal conduction analysis
 - Effective thermal conductivity for fibrous materials
 - Prediction of ETC by thermal resistance network
 - The structure of weave woven fabric composites and corresponding unit cell
 - Prediction of ETC by volume averaging method
 - The homogenization method
 - Moisture diffusion
 - Future research
 - The sensory contact thermal conduction of porous materials
 - References

Convection and ventilation in fabric layers
N Ghaddar, American University of Beirut and K Ghali, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon and B Jones, Kansas State University, USA.
 - Introduction
 - Estimation of ventilation rates
 - Heat and moisture transport modelling in clothing by ventilation
 - Heat and moisture transport results of the periodic ventilation model
 - Extension of model to real limb motion
 - Nomenclature
 - References

Multiphase liquid-gas flow in textile materials
P Gibson, US Army Soldier Systems Center, USA
 - Introduction
 - Nomenclature
 - Mass and energy transport equations
 - Total thermal energy equation
 - Thermodynamic relations
 - Mass transport in the gas phase
 - Gas phase convective transport
 - Liquid phase convective transport
 - Summary of modified transport equations
 - Comparison with previously derived equations
 - Conclusions
 - References

Analysing gas flow in textile materials using lattice approach
D Lukas, Technical University of Liberec, Czech Republic
 - Introduction
 - Discrete molecular dynamics
 - Typical lattice-gas automata
 - Computer simulation of fluid flows through porous materials
 - Sources if further information and advice
 - References

Moisture conduction and evaporation in textile materials
K Ghali, Beirut Arab University and N Ghaddar, American University of Beirut, Lebanon and B Jones, Kansas State University, USA
 - Introduction
 - Modelling condensation/evaporation in thin clothing layers
 - Modelling condensation/evaporation in a fibrous medium
 - Effect of fabric physical properties on the condensation/evaporation process
 - Modelling heating and moisture transfer in PCM fabrics
 - Conclusions
 - Nomenclature
 - References

Heat-moisture interactions and phase change in fibrous materials
K Ghali, Beirut Arab University and N Ghaddar, American University of Beirut, Lebanon and B Jones, Kansas State University, USA
 - Introduction
 - Moisture regain and equilibrium relationships
 - Sorption and condensation
 - Mass heat transport processes
 - Modelling of coupled heat and moisture transport
 - Consequences of between heat and moisture interactions
 - References

PART 3 TEXTILE-BODY INTERACTIONS AND MODELLING ISSUES

Heat and moisture transfer in textiles for insulation
Y Li and J Fan, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
 - Nomenclature
 - Introduction
 - Experimental investigations
 - Theoretical models
 - Numerical simulation
 - Conclusions
 - References

Computer simulation of moisture transport in fibrous materials
D Lukas, Technical University of Liberec, Czech Republic N Pan, University of California and P Gibson, US Army Soldier Systems Center, USA
 - Introduction
 - Auto-models
 - Computer simulation
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Computer modelling of heat and mass transport in protective clothing
P Gibson, US Army Soldier Systems Center and J Barry and R Hill, Creare Inc, USA and P Brasser, TNO Prins Laboratory and M Sobera and C Kleijn, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
 - Introduction
 - Material modelling
 - Example of material modelling
 - Modelling of fabric-covered cylinders
 - Full-body modelling
 - Conclusions
 - References

Understanding the body’s thermoregulatory system
E Arens, University of California, USA
 - Introduction
 - Body-environment exchange
 - Skin
 - Heat exchange from the skin surface
 - Moisture exchange from skin surface
 - Typical skin temperatures
 - Sensation and comfort
 - Modelling human thermal regulation and comfort
 - References