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Metallurgy of basic weld metal

G M Evans and N Bailey

Woodhead Publishing Series in Welding and Other Joining Technologies No. 26

The book describes the results of over 20 years research completed this year at one of the world's premier consumable manufacturers and aimed at improving the properties of MMA electrodes for high quality applications. It examines the influence of some 17 elements and welding variables on the composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of the resulting weld metal. The often complex relationships discovered are sufficient to give a good understanding of the properties of weld metals produced by other arc welding processes.

ISBN 1 85573 243 2
ISBN-13: 978 1 85573 243 8
July 1997
448 pages  234 x 156mm  hardback  
£185.00 / US$315.00 / €220.00

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Contents

PART 1 C-MN WELD METALS
PART 2 LOW ALLOY STEEL WELD METALS
PART 3 HIGH PURITY WELD METAL
PART 4 MICROALLOYING OF C-MN STEEL WELD METALS
PART 5 MICROALLOYING OF HIGH PURITY LOW ALLOY STEEL WELD METALS
PART 6 METALLOGRAPHY

Introduction
 - The MMA (SMAW) welding process
 - Mechanical properties and microstructure
 - Principle aims
 - Experimental organisations
 - Background

Experimental techniques
 - Electrode production
 - Welding, sectioning, heat treatment and testing
 - Addition and recovery of elements

PART 1 C-MN WELD METALS

Manganese and carbon
 - Manganese
 - Carbon and manganese
 - Discussion

Effects of welding process variables
 - Interpass temperature
 - Electrode diameter
 - Heat input
 - Welding position
 - Testing specifications
 - Discussion

Effects of heat treatment
 - Stress relief
 - Normalising and tempering

Silicon and impurities
 - Silicon (Mn-Si)
 - Sulphur
 - Phosphorus
 - Arsenic

Nitrogen and strain ageing
 - Nitrogen as an alloying element
 - Strain ageing

PART 2 LOW ALLOY STEEL WELD METALS

Single additions: With varying manganese
 - Chromium (Mn-Cr)
 - Molybdenum (Mn-Mo)
 - Nickel (Mn-Ni)
 - Copper (Cu)

Elements in combination – Cr-Mo
 - 1.25%Cr-0.5%Mo weld metals
 - Low carbon 2.25%Cr-1% Mo weld metals
 - High carbon 2.25%Cr-1% Mo weld metals

PART 3 HIGH PURITY WELD METAL

Titanium
 - Rutile and other minerals
 - Titanium metal (Ti)
 - Titanium and manganese (Mn-Ti)
 - Simulation tests
 - General discussion

Combinations with oxygen
 - Titanium and oxygen (Ti-O)
 - Manganese and oxygen (Mg-O)
 - Aluminium and oxygen (Al-O)
 - Discussion

Combinations with nitrogen
 - Titanium and Nitrogen (Ti-N)
 - Aluminium and nitrogen (Al-N)
 - Boron and nitrogen (B-N)
 - Static strain ageing
 - Dynamic strain ageing with selected additions
 - Reduction of weld nitrogen level

PART 4 MICROALLOYING OF C-MN STEEL WELD METALS

Single microaolloying elements (with and without titanium)
 - Aluminium (Al)
 - Vanadium (Mn-V)
 - Niobium (Mn-Nb)
 - Boron (B)
 - General discussion

Combinations of microalloying elements
 - Titanium and aluminium (Ti-Al)
 - Titanium and boron (Ti-B)
 - Titanium, boron and aluminium (Ti-B-Al)
 - Titanium, boron and nitrogen (Ti-B-N)
 - Titanium, boron, aluminium and nitrogen (Ti-B-Al-N)
 - General discussion

PART 5 MICROALLOYING OF HIGH PURITY LOW ALLOY STEEL WELD METALS

Titaniumm and single additions of Cr, Mo, Ni and Cu
 - Low manganese (without titanium)
 - Low manganese (with titanium)
 - High manganese (without titanium)
 - High manganese (with titanium)
 - Discussion

Titanium and multiple alloying elements: Mn-Ni-Mo weld metals
 - Simulation experiments
 - Discussion

PART 6 METALLOGRAPHY

Metallographic features
 - Segregation
 - Non-metallic inclusions
 - Dislocations
 - Precipitation/tempering
 - Discussion

Summary