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Textile processing with enzymes

Edited by A Cavaco-Paulo, University of Minho, Portugal and G Gubitz, Graz University of Technology, Austria

Woodhead Textiles Series No. 29

With the increasingly important requirement for textile manufacturers to reduce pollution in textile production, the use of enzymes in the chemical processing of fibres and textiles is rapidly gaining wider recognition because of their non-toxic and eco-friendly characteristics. They can be safely used in a wide selection of textile processes such as de-sizing, scouring, bleaching, dyeing and finishing, where the alternatives are very harsh chemicals whose disposal into the environment causes many problems.

Textile processing with enzymes aims to provide the textile technologist with an understanding of enzymes and their use with textile materials and in process engineering. It covers all the relevant aspects of textile processing with enzymes, from the chemical constitution and properties of textile materials as potential substrates for enzymes, to the processing of these materials; from basic biochemistry and enzymology to the industrial application of these biocatalysts.

The introductory chapter contains an historic overview of the subject, followed by an overview of the fundamental aspects of enzymes determining catalytic properties. There is also a review of non-fibrous materials as substrates for enzymes. Chapter four covers catalysis and processing; providing an analysis of the function and application of enzymes used in textile processing. The fifth chapter offers important insights in process engineering and describes major problems of industrial applications of enzymes in textiles. Chapter six discusses practical aspects of handling with enzymes. Enzyme stabilities, operational and storage stabilities are discussed in detail along with health and safety issues. The final chapter deals with the potential of enzymes in textile effluent treatment.

It will be a valuable resource for anyone interested in the use of enzymes in textiles including textile students, scientists and engineers with a background in textiles, biotechnology, chemistry and process engineering.

Published in association with The Textile Institute

ISBN 1 85573 610 1
ISBN-13: 978 1 85573 610 8
August 2003
240 pages  234 x 156mm  hardback  
£150.00 / US$255.00 / €190.00

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About the editors

Artur Cavaco-Paulo graduated from the University of Lisbon with his first degree. He then went on to take his Msc and PhD at the University of Minho where he is now Professor.

Georg M Gübitz is a Professor at Graz University of Technology where he studied for his PhD, his post doctoral research took him to the University of British Columbia in Canada.

Contents

Preface
A Cavaco-Paulo, University of Minho, Portugal and G M Guebitz, Technical University of Graz, Austria

Enzymes
R Jenkins, De Montfort University, UK
 - IntroductionClassification and nomenclature of enzymesProtein structureForces that stabilise protein moleculesThe properties of proteinsBiosynthesis of proteinsPost-translational modification of proteinsEnzymatic catalysisFuture trendsFurther readingBibliography
 - Classification and nomenclature of enzymesProtein structureForces that stabilise protein moleculesThe properties of proteinsBiosynthesis of proteinsPost-translational modification of proteinsEnzymatic catalysisFuture trendsFurther readingBibliography
 - Protein structureForces that stabilise protein moleculesThe properties of proteinsBiosynthesis of proteinsPost-translational modification of proteinsEnzymatic catalysisFuture trendsFurther readingBibliography
 - Forces that stabilise protein moleculesThe properties of proteinsBiosynthesis of proteinsPost-translational modification of proteinsEnzymatic catalysisFuture trendsFurther readingBibliography
 - The properties of proteinsBiosynthesis of proteinsPost-translational modification of proteinsEnzymatic catalysisFuture trendsFurther readingBibliography
 - Biosynthesis of proteinsPost-translational modification of proteinsEnzymatic catalysisFuture trendsFurther readingBibliography
 - Post-translational modification of proteinsEnzymatic catalysisFuture trendsFurther readingBibliography
 - Enzymatic catalysisFuture trendsFurther readingBibliography
 - Future trendsFurther readingBibliography
 - Further readingBibliography
 - Bibliography

Substrates and their structure
G Buschle-Diller, Auburn University, USA
 - Non-fibrous substrates and non-substratesTextile fibres as substrates for enzymesReferences
 - Textile fibres as substrates for enzymesReferences
 - References

Catalysis and processing
A Cavaco-Paulo, University of Minho, Portugal and G M Guebitz, Technical University of Graz, Austria
 - Basic thermodynamics and enzyme kineticsFunction of textile processing with enzymesHomogenous and heterogeneous enzyme catalysis and kineticsMajor enzymatic applications in textile wet processingPromising areas of enzyme applications in textile processingFurther reading
 - Function of textile processing with enzymesHomogenous and heterogeneous enzyme catalysis and kineticsMajor enzymatic applications in textile wet processingPromising areas of enzyme applications in textile processingFurther reading
 - Homogenous and heterogeneous enzyme catalysis and kineticsMajor enzymatic applications in textile wet processingPromising areas of enzyme applications in textile processingFurther reading
 - Major enzymatic applications in textile wet processingPromising areas of enzyme applications in textile processingFurther reading
 - Promising areas of enzyme applications in textile processingFurther reading
 - Further reading

Process engineering and industrial enzyme applications
V A Nierstrasz and M M C G Warmoeskerken, University of Twente, The Netherlands
 - IntroductionLarge-scale industrial enzyme applications in textiles: an overviewIndustrial applications of enzymes in wet textile processingMass transfer in textile materialsProcess intensification: enhancement of mass transfer in textile materialsMass transfer and diffusion limitation in immobilised enzyme systemsReferences and further reading
 - Large-scale industrial enzyme applications in textiles: an overviewIndustrial applications of enzymes in wet textile processingMass transfer in textile materialsProcess intensification: enhancement of mass transfer in textile materialsMass transfer and diffusion limitation in immobilised enzyme systemsReferences and further reading
 - Industrial applications of enzymes in wet textile processingMass transfer in textile materialsProcess intensification: enhancement of mass transfer in textile materialsMass transfer and diffusion limitation in immobilised enzyme systemsReferences and further reading
 - Mass transfer in textile materialsProcess intensification: enhancement of mass transfer in textile materialsMass transfer and diffusion limitation in immobilised enzyme systemsReferences and further reading
 - Process intensification: enhancement of mass transfer in textile materialsMass transfer and diffusion limitation in immobilised enzyme systemsReferences and further reading
 - Mass transfer and diffusion limitation in immobilised enzyme systemsReferences and further reading
 - References and further reading

Practical aspects of handling enzymes
H B M Lenting, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, The Netherlands
 - IntroductionEnzyme stabilityStabilisation of enzymatic activityHandling of enzymesHealth and safety issuesReferences
 - Enzyme stabilityStabilisation of enzymatic activityHandling of enzymesHealth and safety issuesReferences
 - Stabilisation of enzymatic activityHandling of enzymesHealth and safety issuesReferences
 - Handling of enzymesHealth and safety issuesReferences
 - Health and safety issuesReferences
 - References

Effluent treatment – Enzymes in activated sludge
J Binkley, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology and A Kandelbauer, Technical University of Graz, Austria
 - Hazardous wasteTypes of textile effluentMethods of water treatmentTreatment of waste waters from the textile industryEffluent treatmentActivated sludgeEnzyme decolourisation, fungal decolourisation and decolourising by biosorption and enrichment culturesReferences
 - Types of textile effluentMethods of water treatmentTreatment of waste waters from the textile industryEffluent treatmentActivated sludgeEnzyme decolourisation, fungal decolourisation and decolourising by biosorption and enrichment culturesReferences
 - Methods of water treatmentTreatment of waste waters from the textile industryEffluent treatmentActivated sludgeEnzyme decolourisation, fungal decolourisation and decolourising by biosorption and enrichment culturesReferences
 - Treatment of waste waters from the textile industryEffluent treatmentActivated sludgeEnzyme decolourisation, fungal decolourisation and decolourising by biosorption and enrichment culturesReferences
 - Effluent treatmentActivated sludgeEnzyme decolourisation, fungal decolourisation and decolourising by biosorption and enrichment culturesReferences
 - Activated sludgeEnzyme decolourisation, fungal decolourisation and decolourising by biosorption and enrichment culturesReferences
 - Enzyme decolourisation, fungal decolourisation and decolourising by biosorption and enrichment culturesReferences
 - References