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3-D textile reinforcements in composite materials

Edited by A Miravete, University of Zaragoza, Spain

Laminated composite materials have been used since the 1960s for structural applications. This first generation of materials were successful because of the materials' high stiffness and strength performance. The aims of this book are to describe the manufacturing processes, to highlight the advantages, to identify the main applications, to analyse the methods for prediction of mechanical properties and to focus on the key technical aspects of these materials in order to discover how better to exploit their characteristics and to overcome their disadvantages in relation to the laminated composite materials.

This book covers many areas related to 3-D fabric textile technologies, and manufacturing is treated as a key issue. Theoretical aspects of micro- and macromechanics are covered in depth, as well as properties and behaviour. Specific techniques including braiding, stitching and knitting are described and compared in order to evaluate the most attractive configurations available at the moment. Present and future applications and trends are described to illustrate that 3-D textiles are part of the real industrial world not only today but tomorrow as well.

ISBN 1 85573 376 5
ISBN-13: 978 1 85573 376 3
August 1999
336 pages  234 x 156mm  hardback  
£145.00 / US$245.00 / €180.00

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About the editor

A Miravete, University of Zaragoza, Spain

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Contents

Introduction: Why are 3-D textile technologies applied to composite materials?
 - Manufacturing costs
 - The problem in the thickness direction
 - Examples of application
 - Conclusions

3-D textile reinforcements in composite materials
 - Introduction
 - Classification of textile preforms
 - Structural geometry of 3-D textiles
 - Tailoring fibre architecture for strong and tough composites
 - Modelling of 3-D textile composites
 - Application of the FGM
 - Conclusions and future directions
 - References

3-D textile reinforced composites for the transportation industry
 - Introduction
 - The mechanical performance of conventional and 3-D reinforced composites
 - Manufacturing textile structural composites
 - 3-D composites in aerospace structures
 - Textile structural composites in automotive structures
 - Conclusions
 - Bibliography

Mechanical modelling of solid fabric composites
 - Introduction
 - Review on solid woven fabric composites
 - Elastic model: the complementary energy model
 - Strength model
 - Conclusions
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Macromechanical analysis of 3-D textile reinforced composites
 - Introduction
 - Determination of the stiffness and strength properties of 3-D textile reinforced composite materials
 - Determination of the stiffness and strength properties of braided composite materials
 - Determination of the stiffness and strength properties of knitted composite materials
 - Application of the macromechanical analysis to the design of a warp knitted fabric sandwich structure for energy absorption applications
 - Application of the macromechanical analysis to the design of an energy absorber type 3P bending
 - Conclusions

Manufacture and design of composite grids
 - Introduction
 - Grid description
 - Manufacturing processes
 - Mechanical properties of grids
 - Failure envelopes of grids
 - Grids with skins
 - Flexural rigidity of isogrids
 - Coefficients of thermal expansion
 - Conclusions
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Knitted fabric composites
 - Introduction
 - Description of knitted fabric
 - Tensile behaviour of knitted fabric composites
 - Analysis of 3-D elastic properties
 - Analysis of tensile strength properties
 - Conclusions
 - References

Braided structures
 - Introduction
 - 2-D braiding
 - 3-D braiding
 - Summary
 - References

3-D forming of continuous fibre reinforcements for composites
 - Introduction
 - Forming of continuous fibre reinforced polymers
 - Simulation of the forming process
 - Finite element simulation
 - Optimization of CFRTP products
 - Conclusions
 - References

Resin impregnation and prediction of fabric properties
 - Introduction
 - Hand impregnation
 - Matched-die moulding
 - Degassing
 - Preimpregnation
 - Vacuum bagging
 - Autoclave
 - Liquid moulding with vacuum assistance
 - Resin film infusion
 - Pultrusion
 - Conclusion
 - Prediction of fabric properties
 - References
 - Index