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Biolubricants: Science and technology

J C J Bart, S Cavallaro, University of Messina, Italy and E Gucciardi, ZSW, Germany

Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy No. 46

 - a comprehensive, interdisciplinary and timely review of bio-based lubricant formulations
 - addresses the principles of lubrication
 - reviews fossil and bio-based feedstock resources for biodegradable lubricants
 - describes catalytic, (bio)chemical functionalisation processes
 - considers markets for biolubricants, issues to consider in selection, disposal and future trends of biolubricants
 - provides an essential overview of scientific and technological developments enabling the cost-effective improvement of biolubricants

Lubricants are essential in engineering, however more sustainable formulations are needed to avoid adverse effects on the ecosystem. Bio-based lubricant formulations present a promising solution. Biolubricants: Science and technology is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary and timely review of this important subject.

Initial chapters address the principles of lubrication, before systematically reviewing fossil and bio-based feedstock resources for biodegradable lubricants. Further chapters describe catalytic, (bio) chemical functionalisation processes for transformation of feedstocks into commercial products, product development, relevant legislation, life cycle assessment, major product groups and specific performance criteria in all major applications. Final chapters consider markets for biolubricants, issues to consider when selecting and using a lubricant, lubricant disposal and future trends.

With its distinguished authors, Biolubricants: Science and technology is a comprehensive reference for an industrial audience of oil formulators and lubrication engineers, as well as researchers and academics with an interest in the subject. It provides an essential overview of scientific and technological developments enabling the cost-effective improvement of biolubricants, something that is crucial for the green future of the lubricant industry.

ISBN 0 85709 263 4
ISBN-13: 978 0 85709 263 2
December 2012
944 pages  234 x 156mm  hardback  
£210.00 / US$355.00 / €250.00

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About the authors

Jan C. J. Bart is a full Professor of Industrial Chemistry and Stefano Cavallaro is an Associate Professor of Industrial Chemistry at the University of Messina, Italy.

Emanuele Gucciardi is a Post-doctor researcher at the ZSW (Zentrum für Sonnenenergie-und Wasserstoff-Forschung) of Ulm, Germany.

The authors are internationally known for their work in the fields of heterogeneous catalysis, industrial chemistry and valorisation of biomass.

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Advances in biodiesel production
Handbook of biofuels production
Bioalcohol production
Advances in biorefineries
The biogas handbook
Handbook of microalgal bioprocess engineering

Contents

Renewable lubricants
 - Introduction
 - Scope
 - Chapter overview
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Principles of lubrication
 - Introduction
 - Purpose of lubrication
 - Friction and lubrication conditions
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Lubricants: properties and characteristics
 - Introduction
 - Lubricant base stocks
 - Classifications for oils and lubricating greases
 - Eco designations for lubricants
 - Environmentally acceptable lubricants
 - Physico-chemical properties of lubricants
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

The transition from reliance on fossil resources to biomass valorisation
 - Introduction
 -  Biomass
 -  Transformation of biomass to bioproducts
 - Biomass potentials and limitations
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Renewable feedstocks for lubricant production
 - Introduction
 -  Natural vegetable oils and fats in lubrication
 -  Industrial oil-crop engineering
 -  Bio-based wax esters
 -  Plant polymeric carbohydrates
 -  Sources of further information and advice
 -  References

Chemical transformations of renewable lubricant feedstocks
 - Introduction
 -  Chemically modified fatty compounds in lubrication
 -  Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) in lubrication
 -  Modified starch-based lubricants
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Formulating lubricating oils
 - Introduction
 - Lubricant additive technology
 - Additive design for renewable lubricants
 - Biolubricant formulations
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Quality assurance of biolubricants
 - Introduction
 -  Biolubricant quality requirements
 - Biolubricant quality management
 - Quality control of biolubricant feedstocks
 - Standardised methods for testing lubricating fluids and greases
 - Biolubricant process and product quality control
 - Biolubricant analytical methodology
 - Quality of in-service lubricants
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Legislation of relevance to lubricants
 - Introduction
 - Chemicals policy initiatives
 - (Bio)lubricant regulations
 - Ecolabels and international standards
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Biolubricant product development
 - Introduction
 - Original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specifications for lubricants
 - Biolubricant standardisation
 - Performance tests for lubricants and lubricating greases
 - Biolubricant research and technology development (RTD)
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Environmental life-cycle assessment (LCA) of lubricants
 - Introduction
 - Life-cycle assessment (LCA)
 - Sustainable product design
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Biolubricant product groups and technological applications
 - Introduction
 - Automotive lubricants
 -  Hydraulic oils
 -  Biodegradable loss lubricants
 -  Marine lubricants
 -  Biodegradable gear lubrication oils
 -  Biodegradable compressor oils
 -  Biodegradable turbine oils
 -  Biodegradable metalworking fluids (MWFs) and metal-forming lubricants
 - Lubricants in the food-processing industry
 - Biodegradable lubricating greases
 - Specialty lubricants
 - Solid biodegradable lubricants
 - Process oils
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Markets for biolubricants
 - Introduction
 - European biolubricant markets
 - Biolubricant markets in the United States
 - Market opportunities for bio-based lubricants
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Lubricant use and disposal
 - Introduction
 - Selection of (renewable) oil lubricants and greases
 - Lubricant consolidation
 - Degradation of lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids
 - Operational maintenance
 - Essential properties of used oil
 - Disposal of spent lubricants
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Advanced lubricant fluids
 - Introduction
 - Ionic liquids (Ils)
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Epilogue: the outlook for biolubricant science and technology
 - Introduction
 -  Biodegradable lubricants for a sustainable life
 -  Technology advances
 -  Biolubricants: drivers and barriers
 -  Current and future potential for biolubricants
 -  Sources of further information and advice
 - References