This item is in: Materials > Electronic and optical materials > Sensors and MEMS and functional materials

Ultrasonic transducers: Materials and design for sensors, actuators and medical applications

Edited by K Nakamura, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials No. 29

 - reviews recent research in the design and application of ultrasonic transducers
 - provides an overview of the materials and design of ultrasonic transducers, with an in-depth exploration of piezoelectricity and basic configurations
 - investigates modelling and characterisation, applications of ultrasonic transducers, and ultrasonic transducers for use at high temperature and in flaw detection systems
 - an authoritative review of key developments for engineers and materials scientists involved in this area of technology as well as in its applications in sectors as diverse as electronics, wireless communication and medical diagnostics

Ultrasonic transducers are key components in sensors for distance, flow and level measurement as well as in power, biomedical and other applications of ultrasound. Ultrasonic transducers reviews recent research in the design and application of this important technology.

Part one provides an overview of materials and design of ultrasonic transducers. Piezoelectricity and basic configurations are explored in depth, along with electromagnetic acoustic transducers, and the use of ceramics, thin film and single crystals in ultrasonic transducers. Part two goes on to investigate modelling and characterisation, with performance modelling, electrical evaluation, laser Doppler vibrometry and optical visualisation all considered in detail. Applications of ultrasonic transducers are the focus of part three, beginning with a review of surface acoustic wave devices and air-borne ultrasound transducers, and going on to consider ultrasonic transducers for use at high temperature and in flaw detection systems, power, biomedical and micro-scale ultrasonics, therapeutic ultrasound devices, piezoelectric and fibre optic hydrophones, and ultrasonic motors are also described.

With its distinguished editor and expert team of international contributors,Ultrasonic transducers is an authoritative review of key developments for engineers and materials scientists involved in this area of technology as well as in its applications in sectors as diverse as electronics, wireless communication and medical diagnostics.

ISBN 1 84569 989 0
ISBN-13: 978 1 84569 989 5
August 2012
722 pages  234 x 156mm  hardback  
£180.00 / US$305.00 / €215.00

Usually dispatched within 24 hours

An e-book version of this title is available to purchase as part of a Collection or Pick n Mix or by Chapter. Visit Woodhead Publishing Online

About the editor

Kentaro Nakamura is a Professor in the Tokyo Institute of Technology’s Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Japan. He has published extensively on a variety of aspects of ultrasonic devices and equipment as well as measurement engineering.

Titles which may also be of interest:
Advanced piezoelectric materials
Handbook of advanced dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials
Sensor technologies for civil infrastructures
Handbook of MEMS for wireless and mobile applications
MEMS for automotive and aerospace applications

Contents

PART 1 MATERIALS AND DESIGN OF ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS
PART 1 MATERIALS AND DESIGN OF ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS
PART 2 MODELLING AND CHARACTERISATION OF ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS
PART 3 APPLICATIONS OF ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS

PART 1 MATERIALS AND DESIGN OF ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS

PART 1 MATERIALS AND DESIGN OF ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS

Piezoelectricity and basic configurations for piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers
S Cochran, University of Dundee, UK
 - Introduction
 - The piezoelectric effect
 - Piezoelectric materials
 - The single-element transducer
 - Other piezoelectric transducer configurations
 - Future trends and conclusions
 - Sources of further information
 - References

Electromagnetic acoustic transducers
G Hübschen, Fraunhofer Institut Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren, Germany
 - Introduction
 - Physical principles
 - Lorentz-force-type transducers
 - Magnetostriction-type transducers
 - Conclusion
 - References

Piezoelectric ceramics for transducers
K Uchino, The Pennsylvania State University, USA and Office of Naval Research – Global, Japan
 - The history of piezoelectrics
 - Piezoelectric materials: present status
 - References

Thin-film PZT-based transducers
M K Kurosawa, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
 - Introduction
 - PZT deposition using the hydrothermal process
 - Applications using the bending and longitudinal vibration of the d31 effect
 - Thickness-mode vibration, d33
 - Epitaxial film
 - Conclusions
 - References

High-Curie-temperature piezoelectric single crystals of the Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 ternary system
Y Yamashita, Toshiba Research Consulting Corporation, Japan and Y Hosono, Toshiba Corporation, Japan
 - Introduction
 - PIMNT ceramics
 - PIMNT single crystals grown by the flux method
 - PIMNT single crystals grown by the Bridgman method
 - Recent progress of PIMNT single crystals and their application
 - Future prospects and tasks
 - Conclusions
 - References

PART 2 MODELLING AND CHARACTERISATION OF ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS

Modelling ultrasonic-transducer performance: one-dimensional models
S Cochran and C E M Démoré, University of Dundee, UK and C R P Courtney, University of Bristol, UK
 - Introduction
 - Transducer performance expressed through the wave equation
 - Equivalent electrical circuit models
 - The linear systems model
 - Examples of D transducer model results
 - Future trends and conclusions
 - Sources of further information
 - References

The boundary-element method applied to micro-acoustic devices: zooming into the near field
A Baghai-Wadji, RMIT University, Australia
 - Introduction
 - The acoustic wave equation: shear horizontal vibrations
 - Construction of infinite domain Green’s functions
 - Near-field
 - Normalization of the field variables
 - Determining the asymptotic expansion terms for η → 0
 - Future trends
 - Key references for further reading
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Electrical evaluation of piezoelectric transducers
K Nakamura, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
 - Introduction
 - Electrical equivalent circuit
 - Electrical measurements
 - Characterization of piezoelectric transducers under high power operation
 - Load test
 - Summary
 - References

Laser Doppler vibrometry for measuring vibration in ultrasonic transducers
M Johansmann and G Wirth, Polytec GmbH, Germany
 - Introduction
 - Laser Doppler vibrometry for non-contact vibration measurements
 - Characterization of ultrasonic transducers and optimisation of ultrasonic tools
 - Enhanced LDV designs for special measurement requirements
 - Conclusion and summary
 - References

Optical visualization of acoustic fields: the schlieren technique, the Fresnel method and the photoelastic method applied to ultrasonic transducers
K Yamamoto, Kansai University, Japan
 - Introduction
 - Schlieren visualization technique
 - Fresnel visualization method
 - Photoelastic visualization method
 - References

PART 3 APPLICATIONS OF ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices
K Hashimoto, Chiba University, Japan
 - Introduction
 - Interdigital transducers (IDTs)
 - Transversal SAW filter
 - SAW resonators
 - Conclusions
 - References

Airborne ultrasound transducers
D A Hutchins, University of Warwick, UK and A Neild, Monash University, Australia
 - Introduction
 - Basic design principles
 - Transducer designs for use in air
 - Radiated fields in air
 - Applications
 - Future trends
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Transducers for non-destructive evaluation at high temperatures
M Kobayashi and C-K Jen, Industrial Materials Institute, Canada
 - Transducers for non-destructive evaluation at high temperatures
 - Sol-gel composite material for ultrasonic transducers
 - Structural-health monitoring demonstration
 - Process-monitoring demonstration
 - Conclusions
 - Sources of further information
 - References

Analysis and synthesis of frequency-diverse ultrasonic flaw-detection systems using order statistics and neural network processors
J Saniie and E Oruklu, Illinois Institute of Technology, USA
 - Introduction
 - Ultrasonic flaw-detection techniques
 - Neural network detection processor
 - Flaw-detection performance evaluation
 - System-on-chip implementation – a case study
 - Future trends
 - Conclusions
 - Further information
 - References

Power ultrasonics: new technologies and applications for fluid processing
J A Gallego-Juárez, Higher Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Spain
 - Introduction
 - New power ultrasonic technologies for fluids and multiphase media
 - Application of the new power ultrasonic technologies in processing
 - Conclusions
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Nonlinear acoustics and its application to biomedical ultrasonics
P A Lewin, Drexel University, USA and A Nowicki, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
 - Introduction
 - Basic aspects of nonlinear acoustic wave propagation and associated phenomena
 - Measurements of and advances in determination of B/A parameter
 - Advances in tissue harmonic imaging
 - Nonlinear acoustics in ultrasound metrology
 - Nonlinear wave propagation in hydrophone probes' calibration
 - Nonlinear acoustics in therapeutic applications
 - Conclusions
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Therapeutic ultrasound with an emphasis on applications to the brain
P D Mourad, University of Washington, USA
 - Introduction and summary
 - Fundamentals of propagation and absorption of ultrasound
 - Acoustic attenuation as absorption plus scattering
 - Physical and chemical processes engendered by medical ultrasound
 - Bubble formation and growth
 - Inertial cavitation and associated material stresses
 - Mechanical index
 - Diagnostic ultrasound
 - Therapeutic ultrasound
 - Ultrasound-facilitated delivery of drugs and antibodies into the brain
 - Neuromodulation by ultrasound
 - Conclusion
 - References

Microscale ultrasonic sensors and actuators
A Ramkumar and A Lal, Cornell University, USA
 - Introduction: ultrasonic horn actuators
 - Advantages of silicon-based technology
 - Silicon ultrasonic horns
 - Sensor integration and fabrication of silicon horns: planar metal electrode array
 - Planar electrode characterization
 - Piezoresistive strain gauges
 - Applications: tissue penetration force reduction
 - Applications: cardiac electrophysiological measurement
 - Applications: microscale tissue metrology in testicular sperm extraction (TESE) surgery
 - Conclusions
 - References

Piezoelectric and fibre-optic hydrophones
A Hurrell, Precision Acoustics Ltd, UK and P Beard, University College London, UK
 - Introduction
 - General hydrophone considerations
 - Piezoelectric hydrophones
 - Fibre optic hydrophones
 - Summary
 - References

Ultrasonic motors
K Nakamura, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
 - Introduction
 - Standing-wave ultrasonic motors
 - Travelling-wave ultrasonic motors
 - Ultrasonic motor performance
 - Future trends and conclusions
 - References