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Concentrating solar power technology: Principles, developments and applications

Edited by K Lovegrove, IT Power Group, UK and W Stein, CSIRO Energy Centre, Australia

Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy No. 21

The book is a valuable reference reflecting the current state of concentrating solar power technology. ...it is a must as a comprehensive reference to students, researchers and all those involved in the development, installation and operation of solar thermal and other associated plant and components.
Solar Progress magazine

 - provides a comprehensive review of concentrating solar power (CSP) technology, from the fundamental science to systems design, development and applications
 - reviews fundamental principles of concentrating solar power systems, including site selection and feasibility analysis and socio-economic and environmental assessments
 - provides an overview of technologies such as linear Fresnel reflector technology, parabolic-trough, central tower and parabolic dish concentrating solar power systems, and concentrating photovoltaic systems
 - discusses optimisation, improvements and applications, including absorber materials for solar thermal receivers and design optimisation through integrated techno-economic modelling

Concentrating solar power (CSP) technology is poised to take its place as one of the major contributors to the future clean energy mix. Using straightforward manufacturing processes, CSP technology capitalises on conventional power generation cycles, whilst cost effectively matching supply and demand though the integration of thermal energy storage. Concentrating solar power technology provides a comprehensive review of this exciting technology, from the fundamental science to systems design, development and applications.

Part one introduces fundamental principles of concentrating solar power systems. Site selection and feasibility analysis are discussed, alongside socio-economic and environmental assessments. Part two focuses on technologies including linear Fresnel reflector technology, parabolic-trough, central tower and parabolic dish concentrating solar power systems, and concentrating photovoltaic systems. Thermal energy storage, hybridization with fossil fuel power plants and the long-term market potential of CSP technology are explored. Part three goes on to discuss optimisation, improvements and applications. Topics discussed include absorber materials for solar thermal receivers, design optimisation through integrated techno-economic modelling, heliostat size optimisation, heat flux and temperature measurement technologies, concentrating solar heating and cooling for industrial processes, and solar fuels and industrial solar chemistry.

With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Concentrating solar power technology is an essential guide for all those involved or interested in the design, production, development, optimisation and application of CSP technology, including renewable energy engineers and consultants, environmental governmental departments, solar thermal equipment manufacturers, researchers and academics.

ISBN 1 84569 769 3
ISBN-13: 978 1 84569 769 3
October 2012
708 pages  234 x 156mm  hardback  
£180.00 / US$305.00 / €215.00

Reprinting – not in stock at present

An e-book version of this title is available to purchase as part of a Collection or Pick n Mix or by Chapter. Visit Woodhead Publishing Online

About the editors

Dr Keith Lovegrove is Head of Solar Thermal for the UK-based renewable energy consulting group, IT Power.

Wes Stein is the Manager of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation’s National Solar Energy Centre, Australia.

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Contents

PART 1 INTRODUCTION
PART 2 TECHNOLOGY APPROACHES AND POTENTIAL
PART 3 OPTIMISATION, IMPROVEMENTS AND APPLICATIONS

PART 1 INTRODUCTION

Introduction to concentrating solar power technology
K Lovegrove, IT Power, Australia and W Stein, CSIRO Energy Centre, Australia
 - Introduction
 - Approaches to concentrating solar power (CSP)
 - Future growth, cost and value
 - Organisation of this book
 - References

Fundamental principles of concentrating solar power (CSP) systems
K Lovegrove, IT Power, Australia and J Pye, Australian National University, Australia
 - Introduction
 - Concentrating optics
 - Limits on concentration
 - Focal region flux distributions
 - Losses from receivers
 - Energy transport and storage
 - Power cycles for concentrating solar power (CSP) systems
 - Maximising system efficiency
 - Predicting overall system performance
 - Economic analysis
 - Conclusion
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Solar resources for concentrating solar power (CSP) systems
R Meyer, M Schlecht and K Chhatbar, Suntrace GmbH, Germany
 - Introduction
 - Solar radiation characteristics and assessment of solar resources
 - Measuring solar irradiance
 - Deriving solar resources from satellite measurement
 - Annual cycle of direct normal irradiance (DNI)
 - Auxiliary meteorological parameters
 - Recommendations for solar resource assessment for concentrating solar power (CSP) plants
 - Summary and future trends
 - References

Site selection and feasibility analysis for concentrating solar power (CSP) systems
M Schlecht and R Meyer, Suntrace GmbH, Germany
 - Introduction
 - Overview of the process of site selection and feasibility analysis
 - Main aspects considered during the pre-feasibility and feasibility phases
 - Boundary conditions for a concentrating solar power (CSP) project
 - Detailed analysis of a qualifying project location
 - Summary and future trends
 - References

Socio-economic and environmental assessment of concentrating solar power (CSP) systems
N Caldés and Y Lechón, CIEMAT, Spain
 - Introduction
 - Environmental assessment of concentrating solar power (CSP) systems
 - Socioeconomic impacts of CSP systems
 - Future trends
 - Summary and conclusions
 - References

PART 2 TECHNOLOGY APPROACHES AND POTENTIAL

Linear Fresnel reflector (LFR) technology
D R Mills, formerly Ausra Inc, Australia
 - Introduction
 - Historical background
 - Areva Solar (formerly Ausra, Solar Heat and Power)
 - Solar Power Group (formerly Solarmundo, Solel Europe)
 - Industrial Solar (formerly Miroxx, PSE)
 - Novatec Solar (formerly Novatec-Biosol, Turmberg Anlagenbau)
 - Linear Fresnel reflector (LFR) receivers and thermal performance
 - Future trends
 - Conclusions
 - References

Parabolic-trough concentrating solar power (CSP) systems
E Zarza Moya, CIEMAT–Plataforma Solar de Almería, Spain
 - Introduction
 - Commercially available parabolic-trough collectors (PTC)
 - Existing parabolic-trough collector (PTC) solar thermal power plants
 - Design of parabolic-trough concentrating solar power (CSP) systems
 - Operation and maintenance (O&M) of parabolic-trough systems (PTCs)
 - Thermal storage systems
 - Future trends
 - Conclusions
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Central tower concentrating solar power (CSP) systems
L L Vant-Hull, formerly University of Houston, USA
 - Introduction
 - History of central receivers
 - Activities since 2005
 - Design and optimization of central receiver systems
 - Heliostat factors
 - Receiver considerations
 - Variants on the basic central receiver system
 - Field layout and land use
 - Future trends
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Parabolic dish concentrating solar power (CSP) systems
W Schiel and T Keck, schlaich bergermann und partner, Germany
 - Introduction
 - Basic principles and historical development
 - Current initiatives
 - Energy conversion, power cycles and equipment
 - System performance
 - Optimisation of manufacture
 - Future trends
 - Conclusion
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems and applications
S Horne, SolFocus inc USA
 - Introduction
 - Fundamental characteristics of concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems
 - Characteristics of high concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) and low concentration photovoltaic (LCPV) devices and their applications
 - Design of concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems
 - Examples of concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems
 - Future trends
 - Conclusions
 - References

Thermal energy storage systems for concentrating solar power (CSP) plants
W-D Steinmann, German Aerospace Center, Germany
 - Introduction: relevance of energy storage for concentrating solar power (CSP)
 - Sensible energy storage
 - Latent heat storage concepts
 - Chemical energy storage
 - Selecting a storage system for a particular concentrating solar power (CSP) plant
 - Future trends
 - Conclusion
 - Acknowledgement
 - References

Hybridization of concentrating solar power with fossil fuel power (CSP) plants
H G Jin and H Hong, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
 - Introduction
 - Solar hybridization approaches
 - Fossil boosting and backup of solar power plants
 - Solar-aided coal-fired power plant
 - Integrated solar combined cycle (ISCC) power plants
 - Advanced hybridization systems
 - Conclusions and future trends
 - References

Integrating a Fresnel solar boiler into an existing coal-fired power plant: a case study
R Millan, J de Lalaing, E Bautista, M Rojas, F Görlich, Solar Power Group GmbH, Germany
 - Introduction
 - Description of options considered and variables selected for the case study
 - Assessment of the solar add-on concept
 - Conclusions
 - References
 - Appendix: nomenclature

The long-term market potential of concentrating solar power (CSP) systems
S J Smith, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and University of Maryland, USA
 - Introduction
 - Factors impacting the market penetration of concentrating solar power (CSP)
 - Long-term concentrating solar power (CSP) market potential
 - Summary and future trends
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

PART 3 OPTIMISATION, IMPROVEMENTS AND APPLICATIONS

Absorber materials for solar thermal receivers in concentrating solar power (CSP) systems
W Platzer and C Hildebrandt, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Germany
 - Introduction
 - Characterization of selective absorber surfaces
 - Types of selective absorbers
 - Degradation and lifetime
 - Examples of receivers for linearly concentrating collectors
 - Conclusion
 - References

Optimisation of concentrating solar (CSP) power plant designs through integrated techno-economic modelling
G Morin, Novatec Solar, Germany, formerly of Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Germany
 - Introduction
 - State-of-the-art in simulation and design of concentrating solar power (CSP) plants
 - Multivariable optimisation of concentrating solar power (CSP) plants
 - Case study definition: optimisation of a parabolic trough power plant with molten salt storage  - Case study results
 - Discussion of case study results
 - Conclusion and future trends
 - Acknowledgements
 - References
 - Appendix: abbreviations and symbols

Heliostat size optimisation for central receiver solar power plants
J B Blackmon, University of Alabama in Huntsville, USA
 - Introduction
 - Heliostat design issues and cost analysis
 - Category 1: costs constant per unit area, irrespective of heliostat size and number
 - Category 2: size dependent costs
 - Category 3: fixed costs for each heliostat and other costs
 - Cost analysis as a function of area: the case of the Advanced Thermal Systems (ATS) glass/metal heliostat
 - Additional considerations in analysis of cost as a function of area for the mATS glass/metal heliostat
 - Conclusion
 - References

Heat flux and temperature measurement technologies for concentrating solar power (CSP)
J Ballestrín, CIEMAT–Plataforma Solar de Almería, Spain, G Burgess and J Cumpston, Australian National University, Australia
 - Introduction
 - Heat flux measurement
 - Flux mapping system case studies
 - High temperature measurement
 - Conclusions
 - References

Concentrating solar technologies for industrial process heat and cooling
A Häberle, PSE AG, Germany
 - Introduction
 - Technology overview
 - Components and system configuration
 - Case studies
 - Future trends and conclusion
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Solar fuels and industrial solar chemistry
A G Konstandopoulos, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece and Aristotle University, Greece; C Pagkoura, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece and University of W Macedonia, Greece and S Lorentzou, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece
Introduction Solar chemistry Hydrogen production using solar energy Solar-thermochemical reactor designs Solar-derived fuels Other applications of industrial solar chemistry Conclusions Acknowledgements References