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Advances in clean hydrocarbon fuel processing: Science and technologyEdited by M R Khan, Saudi Aramco & King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy No. 19
- a comprehensive reference on the range of alternative conversion processes and technologies
- provides an overview of the feedstocks, environmental issues and life cycle assessments for alternative hydrocarbon fuel processing, including a review of the key issues in solid, liquid and gaseous fuel conversion
- examines automation, advanced process control and process modelling techniques for plant optimisation
Conventional coal, oil and gas resources used worldwide for power production and transportation are limited and unsustainable. Research and development into clean, alternative hydrocarbon fuels is therefore aimed at improving fuel security through exploring new feedstock conversion techniques, improving production efficiency and reducing environmental impacts.
Advances in clean hydrocarbon fuel processing provides a comprehensive and systematic reference on the range of alternative conversion processes and technologies.
Following introductory overviews of the feedstocks, environmental issues and life cycle assessment for alternative hydrocarbon fuel processing, sections go on to review solid, liquid and gaseous fuel conversion. Solid fuel coverage includes reviews of liquefaction, gasification, pyrolysis and biomass catalysis. Liquid fuel coverage includes reviews of sulfur removal, partial oxidation and hydroconversion. Gaseous fuel coverage includes reviews of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, methanol and dimethyl ether production, water-gas shift technology and natural gas hydrate conversion. The final section examines environmental degradation issues in fuel processing plants as well as automation, advanced process control and process modelling techniques for plant optimisation
Written by an international team of expert contributors, Advances in clean hydrocarbon fuel processing provides a valuable reference for fuel processing engineers, industrial petrochemists and energy professionals, as well as for researchers and academics in this field.
ISBN 1 84569 727 8
ISBN-13: 978 1 84569 727 3
September 2011
584 pages 234 x 156mm hardback
£165.00 / US$280.00 / €200.00
Usually dispatched within 24 hours
About the editor
Dr M. Rashid Khan is the leader of Corporate Intellectual Assets Management in the Technology Management Division at Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia. He is widely regarded for his work in clean and alternative energies and carbon management. Dr Khan serves as a consultant for Intellectual Property and Business Development for a variety of fields.
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Contents
PART 1 OVERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT OF HYDROCARBON FUEL CONVERSION PROCESSES
PART 1 OVERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT OF HYDROCARBON FUEL CONVERSION PROCESSES
PART 2 SOLID HYDROCARBON FUEL PROCESSING AND TECHNOLOGY
PART 2 SOLID HYDROCARBON FUEL PROCESSING AND TECHNOLOGY
PART 3 LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUEL PROCESSING AND TECHNOLOGY
PART 3 LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUEL PROCESSING AND TECHNOLOGY
PART 4 GASEOUS HYDROCARBON FUEL PROCESSING AND TECHNOLOGY
PART 4 GASEOUS HYDROCARBON FUEL PROCESSING AND TECHNOLOGY
PART 5 OPERATIONAL ISSUES AND PROCESS IMPROVEMENT IN HYDROCARBON FUEL PROCESSING PLANT
PART 5 OPERATIONAL ISSUES AND PROCESS IMPROVEMENT IN HYDROCARBON FUEL PROCESSING PLANT
PART 1 OVERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT OF HYDROCARBON FUEL CONVERSION PROCESSES
PART 1 OVERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT OF HYDROCARBON FUEL CONVERSION PROCESSES
Characterisation and preparation of biomass, oil shale and coal-based feedstocks
O Trass, University of Toronto,Canada
- Introduction
- Types and properties of feedstock
- Coal feedstock characterization and requirements
- Coal cleaning and preparation techniques
- Coal slurry fuels
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Characterisation and preparation of biomass, oil shale and coal-based feedstocks
O Trass, University of Toronto,Canada
- Introduction
- Types and properties of feedstock
- Coal feedstock characterization and requirements
- Coal cleaning and preparation techniques
- Coal slurry fuels
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Production, properties and environmental impact of hydrocarbon fuel conversion
J G Speight, CD & W Inc., USA
- Introduction
- Production of hydrocarbon fuels
- Properties of hydrocarbon fuels
- Use and energy efficiency
- Environmental impact
- Toxicity hazards
- Future trends in fuels production and properties
- References
Production, properties and environmental impact of hydrocarbon fuel conversion
J G Speight, CD & W Inc., USA
- Introduction
- Production of hydrocarbon fuels
- Properties of hydrocarbon fuels
- Use and energy efficiency
- Environmental impact
- Toxicity hazards
- Future trends in fuels production and properties
- References
Life cycle assessment (LCA) of alternative hydrocarbon fuel conversion
J M Andresen and S Li, University of Nottingham, UK
- Introduction
- Life cycle assessment: environmental, energetic and techno-economic issues
- Life cycle assessment of fuel conversion routes and alternative feedstock utilisation
- Conclusions and future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Life cycle assessment (LCA) of alternative hydrocarbon fuel conversion
J M Andresen and S Li, University of Nottingham, UK
- Introduction
- Life cycle assessment: environmental, energetic and techno-economic issues
- Life cycle assessment of fuel conversion routes and alternative feedstock utilisation
- Conclusions and future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
PART 2 SOLID HYDROCARBON FUEL PROCESSING AND TECHNOLOGY
PART 2 SOLID HYDROCARBON FUEL PROCESSING AND TECHNOLOGY
Direct liquefaction (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion
C Burgess Clifford and C Song, Penn State University, USA
- Introduction
- Feedstocks for direct liquefaction
- Basics of coal and biomass/lignin reaction chemistry
- Process variables: coal rank, solvent, catalyst, temperature, pressure, and residence time in direct liquefaction (DCL)
- Known process technologies
- Product output and quality issues
- Process control and modeling techniques
- Advantages and limitations
- Future trends in direct coal liquefaction
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Direct liquefaction (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion
C Burgess Clifford and C Song, Penn State University, USA
- Introduction
- Feedstocks for direct liquefaction
- Basics of coal and biomass/lignin reaction chemistry
- Process variables: coal rank, solvent, catalyst, temperature, pressure, and residence time in direct liquefaction (DCL)
- Known process technologies
- Product output and quality issues
- Process control and modeling techniques
- Advantages and limitations
- Future trends in direct coal liquefaction
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Gasification processes and technology
C Higman, Higman Consulting, Germany
- Introduction
- Gasification in the refinery environment
- Basic principles
- Building blocks for complete systems
- Hydrogen and power plant as an example of a complete system
- Advantages and limitations
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Gasification processes and technology
C Higman, Higman Consulting, Germany
- Introduction
- Gasification in the refinery environment
- Basic principles
- Building blocks for complete systems
- Hydrogen and power plant as an example of a complete system
- Advantages and limitations
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Pyrolysis processes and technology for the conversion of hydrocarbons and biomass
J M Andresen and X Y Lim, University of Nottingham, UK
- Introduction
- Applicable feedstocks
- Process technology
- Basic reactions
- Thermodynamics/reaction kinetics
- Catalyst and solvent utilisation
- Conclusion and future trends
- References
Pyrolysis processes and technology for the conversion of hydrocarbons and biomass
J M Andresen and X Y Lim, University of Nottingham, UK
- Introduction
- Applicable feedstocks
- Process technology
- Basic reactions
- Thermodynamics/reaction kinetics
- Catalyst and solvent utilisation
- Conclusion and future trends
- References
Biomass catalysis in conventional refineries
J A Melero, A García and J Iglesias, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain
- Introduction
- Biomass feedstock: Availability and diversity
- Catalytic cracking of biomass feedstock
- Hydrotreating of biomass feedstock
- Production of conventional liquid fuels from sugars
- Future trends
- References
Biomass catalysis in conventional refineries
J A Melero, A García and J Iglesias, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain
- Introduction
- Biomass feedstock: Availability and diversity
- Catalytic cracking of biomass feedstock
- Hydrotreating of biomass feedstock
- Production of conventional liquid fuels from sugars
- Future trends
- References
PART 3 LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUEL PROCESSING AND TECHNOLOGY
PART 3 LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUEL PROCESSING AND TECHNOLOGY
Sulfur removal from heavy and light petroleum hydrocarbon by selective oxidation
R Khan, Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia
- Introduction
- Background
- Oxidative desulfurization chemistry
- Conclusions
- References
Sulfur removal from heavy and light petroleum hydrocarbon by selective oxidation
R Khan, Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia
- Introduction
- Background
- Oxidative desulfurization chemistry
- Conclusions
- References
Partial oxidation (POX) processes and technology for clean fuel and chemical production
R L Keiski, S Ojala, M Huuhtanen, T Kolli and K Leiviskä, University of Oulu, Finland
- Introduction
- Process technology and methods of partial oxidation (POX)
- Basic partial oxidation reactions
- Catalysts utilised
- Process control and modelling techniques
- Advantages, limitations and optimisation
- Future trends
- References
Partial oxidation (POX) processes and technology for clean fuel and chemical production
R L Keiski, S Ojala, M Huuhtanen, T Kolli and K Leiviskä, University of Oulu, Finland
- Introduction
- Process technology and methods of partial oxidation (POX)
- Basic partial oxidation reactions
- Catalysts utilised
- Process control and modelling techniques
- Advantages, limitations and optimisation
- Future trends
- References
Hydroconversion processes and technology for clean fuel and chemical production
P R Robinson, PQ Optimization Services, USA
- Introduction to petroleum refining
- Environmental protection
- Hydroconversion overview
- Economics of hydroconversion
- Chemistry of hydroconversion
- Supported-metal hydroconversion catalysts
- Commercial hydroconversion units
- Future trends in hydroconversion
- References
Hydroconversion processes and technology for clean fuel and chemical production
P R Robinson, PQ Optimization Services, USA
- Introduction to petroleum refining
- Environmental protection
- Hydroconversion overview
- Economics of hydroconversion
- Chemistry of hydroconversion
- Supported-metal hydroconversion catalysts
- Commercial hydroconversion units
- Future trends in hydroconversion
- References
PART 4 GASEOUS HYDROCARBON FUEL PROCESSING AND TECHNOLOGY
PART 4 GASEOUS HYDROCARBON FUEL PROCESSING AND TECHNOLOGY
Middle distillate fuel production from synthesis gas via the Fischer-Tropsch process
F G Botes, L P Dancuart, H G Nel, A P Steynberg and A P Vogel, Sasol Technology, South Africa, B B Breman, Sasol Technology Netherlands, The Netherlands and J H M Font Freide, BP, UK
- Introduction
- Process technology
- Basic principles of the reaction process
- Catalyst utilisation
- Product upgrading and quality isues
- Process modelling and control
- Advantages, limitations and optimisation for synthetic middle distillate fuels
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Middle distillate fuel production from synthesis gas via the Fischer-Tropsch process
F G Botes, L P Dancuart, H G Nel, A P Steynberg and A P Vogel, Sasol Technology, South Africa, B B Breman, Sasol Technology Netherlands, The Netherlands and J H M Font Freide, BP, UK
- Introduction
- Process technology
- Basic principles of the reaction process
- Catalyst utilisation
- Product upgrading and quality isues
- Process modelling and control
- Advantages, limitations and optimisation for synthetic middle distillate fuels
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Methanol and dimethyl ether (DME) production from synthesis gas
D Seddon, Duncan Seddon & Associates Pty. Ltd., Australia
- Introduction
- Process technology and new innovations
- Basic principles of methanol synthesis
- Catalysts
- Product quality
- Estimation of production costs
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Methanol and dimethyl ether (DME) production from synthesis gas
D Seddon, Duncan Seddon & Associates Pty. Ltd., Australia
- Introduction
- Process technology and new innovations
- Basic principles of methanol synthesis
- Catalysts
- Product quality
- Estimation of production costs
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Advances in water-gas shift technology: modern catalysts and improved reactor concepts
E V Rebrov, Queen’s University Belfast, UK
- Introduction
- Modern reactor concepts
- Advanced catalytic systems
- Conclusions and future trends
- References
Advances in water-gas shift technology: modern catalysts and improved reactor concepts
E V Rebrov, Queen’s University Belfast, UK
- Introduction
- Modern reactor concepts
- Advanced catalytic systems
- Conclusions and future trends
- References
Natural gas hydrate conversion processes
M Max and A H Johnson, Hydrate Energy International (HEI), USA
- Introduction
- Factors important for hydrate conversion
- Resource potential
- Conversion processes
- Advantages, limitations and optimization
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Natural gas hydrate conversion processes
M Max and A H Johnson, Hydrate Energy International (HEI), USA
- Introduction
- Factors important for hydrate conversion
- Resource potential
- Conversion processes
- Advantages, limitations and optimization
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
PART 5 OPERATIONAL ISSUES AND PROCESS IMPROVEMENT IN HYDROCARBON FUEL PROCESSING PLANT
PART 5 OPERATIONAL ISSUES AND PROCESS IMPROVEMENT IN HYDROCARBON FUEL PROCESSING PLANT
Environmental degradation in hydrocarbon fuel processing plant: issues and mitigation
F Ropital, IFP Energies nouvelles, France
- Introduction
- Types of degradations and their main locations
- Protection and mitigation technologies
- Plant management techniques
- Future trends
- Source of further information and advice
- References
Environmental degradation in hydrocarbon fuel processing plant: issues and mitigation
F Ropital, IFP Energies nouvelles, France
- Introduction
- Types of degradations and their main locations
- Protection and mitigation technologies
- Plant management techniques
- Future trends
- Source of further information and advice
- References
Automation technology in hydrocarbon fuel processing plant
S El Ferik, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia
- Introduction
- Automation technology survey: from exploration to processing
- Fundamentals of process control
- Future trends in automation technology
- Working towards a broader integration of control and operation
- Conclusions
- References
Automation technology in hydrocarbon fuel processing plant
S El Ferik, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia
- Introduction
- Automation technology survey: from exploration to processing
- Fundamentals of process control
- Future trends in automation technology
- Working towards a broader integration of control and operation
- Conclusions
- References
Advanced process control for clean fuel production: Smart plant of the future
O Taha and R Khan, Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia
- Introduction
- Incentives for smart process control technologies
- Smart instrumentation of the future
- Advanced process control (APC) and optimization solutions
- Model predictive control technology (MPC)
- Real time optimization (RTO) technology
- Control systems performance monitoring (CPM)
- Driving future innovation, sustainability, and performance in process control technologies
- References
Advanced process control for clean fuel production: Smart plant of the future
O Taha and R Khan, Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia
- Introduction
- Incentives for smart process control technologies
- Smart instrumentation of the future
- Advanced process control (APC) and optimization solutions
- Model predictive control technology (MPC)
- Real time optimization (RTO) technology
- Control systems performance monitoring (CPM)
- Driving future innovation, sustainability, and performance in process control technologies
- References
Process modelling for hydrocarbon fuel conversion
E Vasquez and T Eldredge, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany
- Introduction to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling
- Mesh generation
- Turbulence modeling
- Combustion modelling
- Radiation modeling
- Empirical modeling techniques
- Process flow models
- Chemical kinetic modelling
- Applications
- References
Process modelling for hydrocarbon fuel conversion
E Vasquez and T Eldredge, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany
- Introduction to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling
- Mesh generation
- Turbulence modeling
- Combustion modelling
- Radiation modeling
- Empirical modeling techniques
- Process flow models
- Chemical kinetic modelling
- Applications
- References