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Handbook of biofuels production: Processes and technologiesEdited by R Luque, J Campelo, University of Córdoba, Spain and J Clark, University of York, UK
Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy No. 15
Strongly recommended as a comprehensive mini-encyclopedia to all concerned with fossil fuel substitution, having a vision of energy sustainability.
Materials World
- a comprehensive and systematic reference on the range of biomass conversion processes and technologies
- addresses the key issues in the biofuels production chain, including feedstocks, sustainability assessment and policy development
- reviews chemical and bio-chemical conversion techniques as well as thermal and thermo-chemical conversion, detailing the range of processes and technologies applicable to biofuels production
In response to the global increase in the use of biofuels as substitute transportation fuels, advanced chemical, biochemical and thermochemical biofuels production routes are fast being developed.
Research and development in this field is aimed at improving the quality and environmental impact of biofuels production, as well as the overall efficiency and output of biofuels production plants. The range of biofuels has also increased to supplement bioethanol and biodiesel production, with market developments leading to the increased production and utilisation of such biofuels as biosyngas, biohydrogen and biobutanol, among others.
Handbook of biofuels production provides a comprehensive and systematic reference on the range of biomass conversion processes and technology. Part one reviews the key issues in the biofuels production chain, including feedstocks, sustainability assessment and policy development.
Part two reviews chemical and biochemical conversion and in turn Part three reviews thermal and thermo-chemical conversion, with both sections detailing the wide range of processes and technologies applicable to the production of first, second and third generation biofuels. Finally, Part four reviews developments in the integration of biofuels production, including biorefineries and by-product valorisation, as well as the utilisation of biofuels in diesel engines.
With its distinguished international team of contributors, Handbook of biofuels production is a standard reference for biofuels production engineers, industrial chemists and biochemists, plant scientists, academics and researchers in this area.
ISBN 1 84569 679 4
ISBN-13: 978 1 84569 679 5
November 2010
688 pages 234 x 156mm hardback
£165.00 / US$280.00 / €200.00
Usually dispatched within 24 hours
About the editors
Dr Rafael Luque is a Ramon y Cajal Fellow, and Professor Juan Manuel Campelo is Head of the Department of Organic Chemistry, at the University of Córdoba, Spain.
Professor James Clark is founding director of the world-leading Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence at the University of York, UK.
The editors are noted for their research and publications in the fields of biofuels production and green chemistry.
Titles which may also be of interest:
Biodiesel science and technology
Bioalcohol production
Handbook of microalgal bioprocess engineering
Biolubricants
Advances in biodiesel production
Advances in biorefineries
Contents
PART 1 KEY ISSUES AND ASSESSMENT OF BIOFUELS PRODUCTION
PART 1 KEY ISSUES AND ASSESSMENT OF BIOFUELS PRODUCTION
PART 2 BIOFUELS FROM CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CONVERSION PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
PART 2 BIOFUELS FROM CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CONVERSION PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
PART 3 BIOFUELS FROM THERMAL AND THERMO-CHEMICAL CONVERSION PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
PART 3 BIOFUELS FROM THERMAL AND THERMO-CHEMICAL CONVERSION PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
PART 4 INTEGRATED PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF BIOFUELS: BIOREFINERIES, BY-PRODUCT VALORISATION AND ENGINE UTILISATION
PART 4 INTEGRATED PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF BIOFUELS: BIOREFINERIES, BY-PRODUCT VALORISATION AND ENGINE UTILISATION
PART 1 KEY ISSUES AND ASSESSMENT OF BIOFUELS PRODUCTION
PART 1 KEY ISSUES AND ASSESSMENT OF BIOFUELS PRODUCTION
Introduction and overview of biofuels production
R Luque and J M Campelo, Universidad de Córdoba, Spain and J H Clark, University of York, UK
- Introduction
- Development of (bio)chemical conversion
- Development of biological conversion
- Development of thermochemical conversion
- Integration of biofuels into biorefineries
- Future trends
- Sources of further information
- References
Introduction and overview of biofuels production
R Luque and J M Campelo, Universidad de Córdoba, Spain and J H Clark, University of York, UK
- Introduction
- Development of (bio)chemical conversion
- Development of biological conversion
- Development of thermochemical conversion
- Integration of biofuels into biorefineries
- Future trends
- Sources of further information
- References
Multiple objectives policy for biofuels production: environmental, socio-economic and regulatory issues
C De Lucia, University of York, UK and Technical University of Bari, Italy
- Introduction
- Energy security and supply
- Emission reductions, land use and other environmental impacts
- Food safety and development of rural areas
- Biofuels support policies
- Conclusions
- List of selected economies in figures 2.1 and 2.2
- References
Multiple objectives policy for biofuels production: environmental, socio-economic and regulatory issues
C De Lucia, University of York, UK and Technical University of Bari, Italy
- Introduction
- Energy security and supply
- Emission reductions, land use and other environmental impacts
- Food safety and development of rural areas
- Biofuels support policies
- Conclusions
- List of selected economies in figures 2.1 and 2.2
- References
Life cycle sustainability assessment of biofuels
A Azapagic, University of Manchester, UK and H Stichnothe, Institute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering, Germany
- Introduction
- Sustainability issues along the life cycle of biofuels
- Environmental sustainability of biofuels
- Economic sustainability of biofuels
- Future trends
- References
- Appendix: Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology
Life cycle sustainability assessment of biofuels
A Azapagic, University of Manchester, UK and H Stichnothe, Institute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering, Germany
- Introduction
- Sustainability issues along the life cycle of biofuels
- Environmental sustainability of biofuels
- Economic sustainability of biofuels
- Future trends
- References
- Appendix: Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology
Vegetable-based feedstocks for biofuels production
S Pinzi and M P Dorado, University of Córdoba, Spain
- Introduction
- Most frequent vegetable raw materials to produce first-generation biodiesel
- Raw materials to produce low-cost biodiesel
- Vegetable raw materials to produce bioethanol
- Vegetable raw materials to produce biofuels from other technologies
- Acknowledgements
- References
Vegetable-based feedstocks for biofuels production
S Pinzi and M P Dorado, University of Córdoba, Spain
- Introduction
- Most frequent vegetable raw materials to produce first-generation biodiesel
- Raw materials to produce low-cost biodiesel
- Vegetable raw materials to produce bioethanol
- Vegetable raw materials to produce biofuels from other technologies
- Acknowledgements
- References
PART 2 BIOFUELS FROM CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CONVERSION PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
PART 2 BIOFUELS FROM CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CONVERSION PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Production of biodiesel via chemical catalytic conversion
C Echim, R Verhé and C Stevens, Ghent University and W De Greyt, Desmet Ballestra Group, Belgium
- Introduction
- Biodiesel definition
- Treatment of the feedstocks prior production of the biodiesel
- Current technologies of biodiesel production
- Purification of biodiesel
- Industrial production of biodiesel
- Influence of the feedstock and technology on biodiesel properties
- Conclusions and future trends
- References
Production of biodiesel via chemical catalytic conversion
C Echim, R Verhé and C Stevens, Ghent University and W De Greyt, Desmet Ballestra Group, Belgium
- Introduction
- Biodiesel definition
- Treatment of the feedstocks prior production of the biodiesel
- Current technologies of biodiesel production
- Purification of biodiesel
- Industrial production of biodiesel
- Influence of the feedstock and technology on biodiesel properties
- Conclusions and future trends
- References
Biochemical catalytic production of biodiesel
S Al-Zuhair, UAE University, UAE
- Introduction
- The enzymatic process
- Limitations of the enzymatic approach
- Sources of the enzyme: lipase
- Feedstock
- Acyl acceptors
- Effect of temperature
- Immobilized lipase
- Kinetics of enzymatic production of biodiesel
- Future trends
- Sources of further information
- References
Biochemical catalytic production of biodiesel
S Al-Zuhair, UAE University, UAE
- Introduction
- The enzymatic process
- Limitations of the enzymatic approach
- Sources of the enzyme: lipase
- Feedstock
- Acyl acceptors
- Effect of temperature
- Immobilized lipase
- Kinetics of enzymatic production of biodiesel
- Future trends
- Sources of further information
- References
Production of glycerol-free and alternative biodiesels
A Macario and G Giordano, University of Calabria, Italy, F M Bautista, D Luna and A A Romero, University of Cordoba, Spain and R Luque, University of York, UK
- Introduction
- Novel types of biodiesel: biofuels which incorporate glycerol into their composition
- Advantages in the use of biofuels integrating glycerol
- Processing of oils and fats in the current oil refining plants
- Future trends
- References
Production of glycerol-free and alternative biodiesels
A Macario and G Giordano, University of Calabria, Italy, F M Bautista, D Luna and A A Romero, University of Cordoba, Spain and R Luque, University of York, UK
- Introduction
- Novel types of biodiesel: biofuels which incorporate glycerol into their composition
- Advantages in the use of biofuels integrating glycerol
- Processing of oils and fats in the current oil refining plants
- Future trends
- References
Biodiesel production from microbial oil
A A Koutinas and S Papanikolaou, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
- Introduction
- Microrganisms and raw materials used for microbial oil production
- The biochemistry of lipid accumulation in the oleaginous microorganisms
- Biodiesel production from SCO
- Future trends
- References
Biodiesel production from microbial oil
A A Koutinas and S Papanikolaou, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
- Introduction
- Microrganisms and raw materials used for microbial oil production
- The biochemistry of lipid accumulation in the oleaginous microorganisms
- Biodiesel production from SCO
- Future trends
- References
Biochemical production of bioethanol
M Arshadi, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and H Grundberg, Processum Biorefinery Initiative AB, Sweden
- Introduction
- Properties
- Feedstocks
- Processing technology
- Pilot plant for ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstock
- Environmental aspects of ethanol as a biofuel
- Future trends
- References
Biochemical production of bioethanol
M Arshadi, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and H Grundberg, Processum Biorefinery Initiative AB, Sweden
- Introduction
- Properties
- Feedstocks
- Processing technology
- Pilot plant for ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstock
- Environmental aspects of ethanol as a biofuel
- Future trends
- References
Biochemical production of biobutanol
M Köpke and P Dürre, Universität Ulm, Germany
- Introduction
- Principles, materials and feedstocks
- Process technologies and techniques
- Modelling and optimization
- Advantages and limitations
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- Acknowledgements
- References
Biochemical production of biobutanol
M Köpke and P Dürre, Universität Ulm, Germany
- Introduction
- Principles, materials and feedstocks
- Process technologies and techniques
- Modelling and optimization
- Advantages and limitations
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- Acknowledgements
- References
Biochemical production of other bioalcohols: biomethanol, biopropanol, bioglycerol, and bioethylene glycol
S D Minteer, St Louis University, USA
- Introduction
- Biomethanol
- Biopropanol
- Bioglycerol
- Bio-ethylene glycol
- Other possible bioalcohols
- Advantages and limitations
- Conclusions and future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Biochemical production of other bioalcohols: biomethanol, biopropanol, bioglycerol, and bioethylene glycol
S D Minteer, St Louis University, USA
- Introduction
- Biomethanol
- Biopropanol
- Bioglycerol
- Bio-ethylene glycol
- Other possible bioalcohols
- Advantages and limitations
- Conclusions and future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Production of biogas via anaerobic digestion
K Stamatelatou, G Antonopoulou and G Lyberatos, University of Patras, Greece
- Introduction: the anaerobic digestion process
- Factors affecting the anaerobic digestion process
- Advantages and limitations
- Process integration for biogas production
- Process modelling
- Process monitoring and control
- Biogas utilisation
- Existing biogas installations
- Conclusions and future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Production of biogas via anaerobic digestion
K Stamatelatou, G Antonopoulou and G Lyberatos, University of Patras, Greece
- Introduction: the anaerobic digestion process
- Factors affecting the anaerobic digestion process
- Advantages and limitations
- Process integration for biogas production
- Process modelling
- Process monitoring and control
- Biogas utilisation
- Existing biogas installations
- Conclusions and future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Biological and fermentative production of hydrogen
G Antonopoulou, I Ntaikou, K Stamatelatou and G Lyberatos, University of Patras, Greece
- Hydrogen
- Biological hydrogen production methods
- Fermentative hydrogen production
- Hydrogen economy
- Advantages and limitations
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Biological and fermentative production of hydrogen
G Antonopoulou, I Ntaikou, K Stamatelatou and G Lyberatos, University of Patras, Greece
- Hydrogen
- Biological hydrogen production methods
- Fermentative hydrogen production
- Hydrogen economy
- Advantages and limitations
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
PART 3 BIOFUELS FROM THERMAL AND THERMO-CHEMICAL CONVERSION PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
PART 3 BIOFUELS FROM THERMAL AND THERMO-CHEMICAL CONVERSION PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Production of bio-oils via catalytic pyrolysis
M A Morris, University College Cork, Ireland
- Introduction
- Pyrolysis – a brief background
- Pyrolysis economics
- Catalytic pyrolysis: catalysis
- Catalytic pyrolysis for improved pyrolysis-oil generation
- Reactors for catalytic pyrolysis
- Catalysts used in catalytic pyrolysis
- Conclusion and future trends
- Acknowledgements
- References
Production of bio-oils via catalytic pyrolysis
M A Morris, University College Cork, Ireland
- Introduction
- Pyrolysis – a brief background
- Pyrolysis economics
- Catalytic pyrolysis: catalysis
- Catalytic pyrolysis for improved pyrolysis-oil generation
- Reactors for catalytic pyrolysis
- Catalysts used in catalytic pyrolysis
- Conclusion and future trends
- Acknowledgements
- References
Production of biofuels via fluid catalytic cracking
J A Melero, A García and M Clavero, Rey Juan Carlos University, Spain
- Introduction
- Catalytic cracking of highly oxygenated biomass-derived feedstocks
- Catalytic cracking of triglyceride-based feedstocks
- Co-processing of triglycerides and petrol feedstocks mixtures in FCC refinery units
- Future trends
- References
Production of biofuels via fluid catalytic cracking
J A Melero, A García and M Clavero, Rey Juan Carlos University, Spain
- Introduction
- Catalytic cracking of highly oxygenated biomass-derived feedstocks
- Catalytic cracking of triglyceride-based feedstocks
- Co-processing of triglycerides and petrol feedstocks mixtures in FCC refinery units
- Future trends
- References
Production of bio-syngas and biohydrogen via gasification
A Dutta, University of Guelph and B Acharya, Dalhousie University, Canada
- Introduction
- Mechanism of gasification
- Factors affecting performance of gasification
- Types of gasifier
- Modelling of the gasifier
- Designing of gasifier
- Conclusions
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Production of bio-syngas and biohydrogen via gasification
A Dutta, University of Guelph and B Acharya, Dalhousie University, Canada
- Introduction
- Mechanism of gasification
- Factors affecting performance of gasification
- Types of gasifier
- Modelling of the gasifier
- Designing of gasifier
- Conclusions
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Production of bioalcohols via gasification
J M N Van Kasteren, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
- Introduction
- Gasification routes for alcohol production
- Conceptual design of a bio waste ethanol plant
- Conclusions and future trends
- Acknowledgements
- References
Production of bioalcohols via gasification
J M N Van Kasteren, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
- Introduction
- Gasification routes for alcohol production
- Conceptual design of a bio waste ethanol plant
- Conclusions and future trends
- Acknowledgements
- References
Production of biofuels via hydrothermal conversion
S Kersten and D Knežević, University of Twente and R H Venderbosch, BTG Biomass Technology Group BV, The Netherlands
- Introduction
- Chemistry, product characteristics and product distribution
- Process layout
- Process development and demonstration activities
- Current research
- Conclusions and future trends
- References
Production of biofuels via hydrothermal conversion
S Kersten and D Knežević, University of Twente and R H Venderbosch, BTG Biomass Technology Group BV, The Netherlands
- Introduction
- Chemistry, product characteristics and product distribution
- Process layout
- Process development and demonstration activities
- Current research
- Conclusions and future trends
- References
Production of biofuels via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: Biomass-to-liquids
A Lappas and E Heracleous, CPERI – Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute, Greece
- Introduction
- BTL-FT process technologies and techniques
- Biomass gasification to syngas
- Synthesis of biofuels via Fischer Tropsch
- Upgrading of BTL-FT products
- BTL-FT final fuel products
- Commercial status of the BTL-FT processes
- Future trends
- References
Production of biofuels via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: Biomass-to-liquids
A Lappas and E Heracleous, CPERI – Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute, Greece
- Introduction
- BTL-FT process technologies and techniques
- Biomass gasification to syngas
- Synthesis of biofuels via Fischer Tropsch
- Upgrading of BTL-FT products
- BTL-FT final fuel products
- Commercial status of the BTL-FT processes
- Future trends
- References
Production of biofuels via biomass reforming
G van Rossum and S R A Kersten, University of Twente, The Netherlands
- Introduction
- Related technologies
- Chemical thermodynamics
- Feedstocks and processes
- Description of the ongoing research and status of proposed and tested technologies for biomass reforming
- Conclusions
- Reference
Production of biofuels via biomass reforming
G van Rossum and S R A Kersten, University of Twente, The Netherlands
- Introduction
- Related technologies
- Chemical thermodynamics
- Feedstocks and processes
- Description of the ongoing research and status of proposed and tested technologies for biomass reforming
- Conclusions
- Reference
PART 4 INTEGRATED PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF BIOFUELS: BIOREFINERIES, BY-PRODUCT VALORISATION AND ENGINE UTILISATION
PART 4 INTEGRATED PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF BIOFUELS: BIOREFINERIES, BY-PRODUCT VALORISATION AND ENGINE UTILISATION
Biofuel-driven biorefineries for the co-production of transportation fuels and added-value products
R van Ree, J Sanders, R Bakker and R Blaauw, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR) and R Zwart and B van der Drift, Energy Research Center of The Netherlands (ECN), The Netherlands
- Introduction
- Biofuel-driven biorefineries: conventional biofuels
- Biofuel-driven biorefineries: advanced biofuels
- Optimising biomass value chains
- Current status and future trends
- Sources of further information
- References
Biofuel-driven biorefineries for the co-production of transportation fuels and added-value products
R van Ree, J Sanders, R Bakker and R Blaauw, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR) and R Zwart and B van der Drift, Energy Research Center of The Netherlands (ECN), The Netherlands
- Introduction
- Biofuel-driven biorefineries: conventional biofuels
- Biofuel-driven biorefineries: advanced biofuels
- Optimising biomass value chains
- Current status and future trends
- Sources of further information
- References
Valorisation of by-products for the production of biofuels
C Echim, R Verhé and C Stevens, Ghent University and W De Greyt, Desmet Ballestra Group, Belgium
- Composition of deodorizer distillate
- Applications and estimates of deodorizer distillates
- Production of biodiesel/biofuel from deodorizer distillates (DD)
- Recovery of sterols, tocopherols and squalene from deodorizer distillate
- Future trends
- Acknowledgement
- References
Valorisation of by-products for the production of biofuels
C Echim, R Verhé and C Stevens, Ghent University and W De Greyt, Desmet Ballestra Group, Belgium
- Composition of deodorizer distillate
- Applications and estimates of deodorizer distillates
- Production of biodiesel/biofuel from deodorizer distillates (DD)
- Recovery of sterols, tocopherols and squalene from deodorizer distillate
- Future trends
- Acknowledgement
- References
Utilisation of biofuels in diesel engines
T Le Anh, Hanoi University of Technology, Vietna, I K Reksowardojo, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia and K Wattanavichien, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
- Introduction
- Utilisation of vegetable pure plant oil and crude oil in diesel engines
- Utilisation of biodiesel based palm oil, jatropha oil, coconut oil and kapok nut oil in diesel engines
- Utilisation of biodiesel B5 based cat-fish fat in diesel engines
- The concept of using biofuel on engine [prime mover]
- Conclusions
- References
Utilisation of biofuels in diesel engines
T Le Anh, Hanoi University of Technology, Vietna, I K Reksowardojo, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia and K Wattanavichien, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
- Introduction
- Utilisation of vegetable pure plant oil and crude oil in diesel engines
- Utilisation of biodiesel based palm oil, jatropha oil, coconut oil and kapok nut oil in diesel engines
- Utilisation of biodiesel B5 based cat-fish fat in diesel engines
- The concept of using biofuel on engine [prime mover]
- Conclusions
- References