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Packaging technology: Fundamentals, materials and processes

Edited by A Emblem, University of the Arts London and H Emblem, Environmental Packaging Solutions, UK

 - provides the ideal introduction and reference for both students and experienced packaging professionals
 - examines fundamental issues relating to packaging, such as its role in society, its diverse functions, the packaging supply chain and legislative, environmental and marketing issues
 - reviews the principal packaging materials such as glass, metal, plastics, paper and paper board
 - discusses packaging processes, from design and printing to packaging machinery and line operations, as well as hazard and risk management in packaging

Packaging is a complex and wide-ranging subject. Comprehensive in scope and authoritative in its coverage, Packaging technology provides the ideal introduction and reference for both students and experienced packaging professionals.

Part one provides a context for the book, discussing fundamental issues relating to packaging such as its role in society and its diverse functions, the packaging supply chain and legislative, environmental and marketing issues. Part two reviews the principal packaging materials such as glass, metal, plastics, paper and paper board. It also discusses closures, adhesives and labels. The final part of the book discusses packaging processes, from design and printing to packaging machinery and line operations, as well as hazard and risk management in packaging.

With its distinguished editors and expert contributors, Packaging technology is a standard text for the packaging industry. The book is designed both to meet the needs of those studying for the Diploma in Packaging Technology and to act as a comprehensive reference for packaging professionals.

Published in association with IOP: The Packaging Society

£170.00 / US$290.00 / €205.00

An e-book version of this title is available to purchase as part of a Collection or Pick n Mix or by Chapter. Visit Woodhead Publishing Online

About the editors

Anne and Henry Emblem each have over 30 years' active experience across the packaging industry, covering packaging manufacturers (Alcan, British Aluminium, National Adhesives, W. R. Grace, Morplan), packer/fillers (Merck, Sharp and Dohme Pharmaceuticals, Avon Cosmetics, British Sugar) and the high street retailer Marks and Spencer. Their experience lies in technical, commercial and environmental aspects of packaging, as well as compliance with legislation and safety. They are both Fellows of the former Institute of Packaging, now part of the UK Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3), and Chartered Scientists. Henry is also a Chartered Environmentalist, and works as a consultant in the field of packaging and the environment. Anne is a Senior Lecturer in Cosmetic Science at the London College of Fashion.

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Contents

PART 1 PACKAGING FUNDAMENTALS
PART 2 PACKAGING MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS
PART 3 PACKAGING PROCESSES

PART 1 PACKAGING FUNDAMENTALS

Packaging and society
A Emblem, London College of Fashion, UK
 - Introduction: packaging from a historical perspective
 - Social developments: the changing patterns of consumption and their impact on packaging
 - Business developments: the effects of globalization and modern retailing
 - The different levels of packaging: primary, secondary and tertiary
 - Packaging materials usage and development
 - The environmental perspective: responsible use of resources

The packaging supply chain
R Inns, Director of PEC Partnership Limited, UK
 - Introduction
 - Development, structure and inter-dependence of the segments of the global packaging supply chain
 - Packaging as a means of delivering cost effective solutions
 - Challenges of the supply chain
 - The importance of training
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Packaging functions
A Emblem, London College of Fashion, UK
 - Introduction
 - Containment
 - Protection
 - Preservation
 - Using packaging to provide convenience
 - Packaging as the source of product information
 - Packaging to sell the product
 - Conclusion
 - Sources of further information and advice

Packaging legislation
G Crompton, The Packaging Society, Education Department, UK
 - Introduction
 - Legislation relevant to packaging
 - Legislation relating to product quality and safety during manufacture, distribution, storage and use
 - Legislation concerning honesty in trade
 - Legislation concerning protection of the environment
 - Legal considerations in international trading
 - Sources of further information
 - The role of trade associations
 - What is legally required and what is good practice?
 - Methods of enabling consistency of compliance
 - The consequences of failure to comply with legislation
 - References
 - Disclaimer

Packaging and environmental sustainability
H Emblem, Environmental Packaging Solutions, UK
 - Introduction
 - Key definitions
 - Waste
 - Compliance with the law
 - Packaging re-use and recovery
 - Environmentally responsible packaging
 - Compliance with voluntary agreements
 - Climate disruption
 - Sources of further information and advice

Packaging and marketing
N Farmer, Neil Farmer Associates, UK
 - Introduction
 - Defining marketing
 - The role of marketing
 - Branding and the impact of packaging on product promotion and advertising
 - Branding and the marketing mix
 - Promoting the brand
 - The importance of consistency of communication
 - Use of market research tools and techniques to identity customer needs
 - Sources of further information and advice

PART 2 PACKAGING MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS

Glass packaging
P Grayhurst, British Glass, UK
 - Introduction
 - Advantages and disadvantages of glass as a packaging material
 - Glass manufacture
 - Forming glass containers
 - Annealing
 - Surface coating
 - Inspection
 - Tolerances
 - Container design
 - Decoration and labelling of glass containers
 - Other glass making processes
 - References and Sources of further information

Rigid metal packaging
B Page, Packaging Consultant, UK
 - Introduction to metal packaging
 - Raw materials
 - Manufacture of rigid metal containers
 - Metal closures
 - Cost / performance comparison – raw materials and forming processes
 - Container specifications
 - Decorating processes
 - Environmental overview
 - References and further reading

Aluminium foil packaging
J Kerry, University College Cork, Ireland
 - Introduction
 - Aluminium processing
 - Refining
 - Smelting
 - Production of aluminium foil
 - Printing and embossing
 - Using aluminium foil as a laminate
 - Aluminium metallised films
 - Conclusion
 - Acknowledgements
 - Sources of further information and advice

Paper and paper board packaging
A Riley, Arthur Riley Packaging Consultant International, UK
 - Introduction
 - Properties of paper and paperboard
 - Raw materials
 - The pulping process
 - Post-pulping treatment of fibres to improve performance
 - The manufacture of paper and paperboard
 - Conversion processes for paper ( - Conversion processes for paperboard (>gsm)
 - References and sources of further information

Corrugated board packaging
T Watkins, UK
 - Introduction
 - Materials for corrugated board
 - Manufacturing processes for corrugated board
 - Different types of corrugated board container design
 - Decoration and printing of corrugated board containers
 - Special board treatments
 - Testing corrugated board materials and containers
 - Sources of further information and advice

Basics of polymer chemistry for packaging materials
A Riley, Arthur Riley Packaging Consultant International, UK
 - Introduction
 - The basic principles of polymerizations
 - Addition (chain growth or coordination) polymerisation of polymers
 - Condensation (step) polymerization
 - Copolymerisation and cross linking polymerization
 - Factors affecting the characteristics of polymers
 - Sources of further information and advice

Plastics properties for packaging materials
A Emblem, London College of Fashion, UK
 - Introduction
 - Market overview
 - Key properties for packaging applications
 - The common packaging plastics
 - Specialist polymers used in packaging
 - Bio-based polymers
 - Conclusion
 - Sources of further information and advice

Plastics manufacturing processes for packaging materials
A Riley, Arthur Riley Packaging Consultant International, UK
 - Introduction
 - The plasticating extruder
 - Sheet and film extrusion
 - Film treatments after forming
 - Thermoforming process for making plastic packaging
 - Injection moulding
 - Multi-injection moulding
 - Comparing injection moulding and thermoforming
 - Blow moulding
 - Environmental considerations in plastic packaging

Packaging closures
A Emblem, London College of Fashion, UK
 - Introduction: the role of packaging closures
 - Types of packaging closure
 - Push-fit closures
 - Screw threaded closures
 - Lug closures
 - Crimped crown cork closures
 - Tamper evidence
 - Child-resistance
 - Dispensing and metering closures
 - Testing closure performance
 - Bibliography and sources of further information

Adhesives for packaging
M Hardwidge, MHA Marketing Communications, UK
 - Introduction
 - Adhesives in packaging
 - Theories of adhesion
 - Adhesive types
 - Selecting the right adhesive
 - Adhesive application methods
 - Evaluating adhesive performance
 - Trouble shooting adhesive problems
 - Common adhesive terminology
 - Sources of further information and advice

Labels for packaging
A R White, AWA Consulting, UK
 - Introduction
 - Trends in label types
 - Self adhesive (pressure sensitive) labels
 - How a label manufacturer approaches a job
 - Wet glue (gummed labels)
 - In-mould labels
 - Sleeves
 - The choice of printing process
 - Label specifications
 - What can go wrong?
 - The label market
 - The digital revolution
 - Conclusion and future trends
 - Sources of further information and advice

PART 3 PACKAGING PROCESSES

Packaging design and development
B Stewart, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
 - Introduction
 - Research
 - Conceptual design
 - Case study: yoghurt for children
 - Conclusion
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Printing for packaging
R Mumby, Chesapeake Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Packaging, UK
 - Introduction
 - Light and colour
 - The description of colour
 - Colour vision
 - Additive and subtractive colour mixing
 - Other factors affecting colour
 - Colour printing
 - Graphic design, reprographics and pre-press
 - Proofing options and approval processes
 - Technological aspects of printing processes
 - Other processing techniques
 - Quality control in packaging
 - References

Packaging machinery and line operations
G Crompton, The Packaging Society Education Department, UK
 - Introduction
 - The packaging line
 - Unscramblers
 - Fillers and filling
 - Closing and sealing of containers
 - Labelling
 - Cartonning
 - Form, fill and seal (FFS) packaging operations
 - Direct product shrink-wrapping and stretch-wrapping
 - Modified atmosphere packaging
 - Miscellaneous wrappers
 - Coding systems
 - End of line equipment
 - Quality and efficiency aspects of packaging operations
 - Problem-solving on the packaging line
 - Sources of further information and advice

Hazard and risk management in packaging
M Ewart, Authenta Consulting, UK
 - Introduction
 - Packaging life-cycles in the supply chain
 - Prerequisite systems and controls
 - Hazard identification and risk assessment
 - Industry technical standards
 - References