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Stand-alone and hybrid wind energy systems: Technology, energy storage and applications
Edited by J K Kaldellis, TEI of Piraeus, Greece
Woodhead Energy Series No. 6
- provides an overview of the fundamental science and engineering of stand-alone hybrid and wind energy systems, including design and performance optimisation methods
- reviews the development and operation of stand-alone and hybrid wind energy systems
- assesses the integration of stand-alone and hybrid wind energy systems and energy storage technology into remote micro-grids and buildings, and their application for desalination systems
- examines applicable storage technology including compressed air energy storage technologies
Wind power is fast becoming one of the leading renewable energy sources worldwide, not only from large scale wind farms but also from the increasing penetration of stand-alone and hybrid wind energy systems. These systems are primarily of benefit in small-scale applications, especially where there is no connection to a central electricity network, and where there are limited conventional fuel resources but available renewable energy resources. By applying appropriate planning, systems selection and sizing, including the integration of energy storage devices to mitigate variable energy generation patterns, theses systems can supply secure reliable and economic power to remote locations and distributed micro-grids.
Stand-alone and hybrid wind energy systems is a synthesis of the most recent knowledge and experience on wind-based hybrid renewable energy systems, comprehensively covering the scientific, technical and socio-economic issues involved in the application of these systems.
Part one presents an overview of the fundamental science and engineering of stand-alone and hybrid wind energy systems and energy storage technology, including design and performance optimisation methods and feasibility assessment for these systems. Part two initially reviews the design, development, operation and optimisation of stand-alone and hybrid wind energy systems – including wind-diesel, wind -photovoltaic (PV), wind-hydrogen, and wind-hydropower energy systems – before moving on to examine applicable energy storage technology, including electro-chemical, flywheel (kinetic) and compressed air energy storage technologies. Finally, Part three assesses the integration of stand-alone and hybrid wind energy systems and energy technology into remote micro-grids and buildings, and their application for desalination systems.
With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Stand-alone and hybrid wind energy systems is a standard reference for all renewable energy professionals, consultants, researchers and academics from post-graduate level up.
ISBN 1 84569 527 5
ISBN-13: 978 1 84569 527 9
July 2010
576 pages 234 x 156mm hardback
£155.00 / US$245.00 / €180.00
Usually dispatched within 24 hours
About the editor
Professor John K. Kaldellis is Head of the Soft Energy Applications & Environmental Protection Laboratory (SEALAB) at the Technological Education Institute of Piraeus, Greece. Prof. Kaldellis has long and extensive academic experience in the development and application of renewable energy sources with an emphasis in wind-based renewable energy systems and many research interests in the field of hybrid wind energy systems.
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Contents
PART 1 FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING OF STAND-ALONE AND HYBRID WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS AND ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
PART 2 DEVELOPMENT OF STAND-ALONE AND HYBRID WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS AND ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
PART 3 APPLICATIONS OF STAND-ALONE AND HYBRID WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS AND ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
PART 1 FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING OF STAND-ALONE AND HYBRID WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS AND ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
Overview of stand-alone and hybrid wind energy systems
J K Kaldellis, TEI of Piraeus, Greece
- Introduction
- Description of wind-based stand-alone energy systems
- Description of a stand-alone hybrid energy system
- Energy storage opportunities of stand-alone hybrid energy systems
- Applications of stand-alone and hybrid energy systems
- The future of stand-alone hybrid energy systems
- References
Overview of energy storage technologies for renewable energy systems
D P Zafirakis, TEI of Piraeus, Greece
- Introduction
- Description of a typical energy storage system (ESS)
- Application range of energy storage systems (ESSs): category of generation
- Application range of energy storage systems (ESSs): category of transmission and distribution
- Application range of energy storage systems (ESSs): category of customer service
- Application range of energy storage systems (ESSs): requirements of electricity applications
- Contemporary energy storage systems (ESSs)
- Mechanical energy storage
- Chemical energy storage
- Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)
- Super capacitors (SCs)
- Comparison of energy storage systems (ESSs)
- Future trends
- References
Design and performance optimisation of stand-alone and hybrid wind energy systems
E Kondili, TEI of Piraeus, Greece
- Introduction: scope and objectives of the chapter
- Energy systems modeling
- Synthesis, design and operation of a hybrid energy system
- Hybrid energy systems optimisation techniques
- Software tools for the simulation and optimization of hybrid energy systems
- Summary of optimization techniques
- Future trends
- References and further reading
Feasibility assessment for stand-alone and hybrid wind energy systems
J K Kaldellis, TEI of Piraeus, Greece
- Introduction
- First installation cost of a typical stand-alone hybrid electricity generation wind-based (HEW) system
- Maintenance and operation cost of a typical stand-alone hybrid electricity generation wind-based (HEW) system
- Cost-benefit analysis of a typical stand-alone hybrid electricity generation wind-based (HEW) system
- Reliability impact-loss of load cost of a typical stand-alone hybrid electricity generation wind-based (HEW) system
- Electricity generation cost of a typical stand-alone hybrid electricity generation wind-based (HEW) system
- Social-environmental impacts of stand-alone hybrid electricity generation wind-based (HEW) systems
- Analysis of case studies of stand-alone hybrid electricity generation wind-based (HEW) systems
- Sensitivity analysis of the financial behaviour of stand-alone hybrid electricity generation wind-based (HEW) systems
- Conclusions
- References
PART 2 DEVELOPMENT OF STAND-ALONE AND HYBRID WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS AND ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
Stand-alone wind energy systems
D Wood, University of Newcastle and P Freere, Monash University, Australia
- Introduction
- Stand-alone wind energy systems
- Small wind turbine technology
- Control and electronics
- Stand-alone power systems
- Further aspects of system sizing
- Conclusions
- References
Hybrid wind-diesel energy systems
G Bhuvaneswari and R Balasubramanian, Indian Institute of Technology (Delhi), India
- Introduction
- Overview of wind-diesel generation system
- Wind turbine sizing in a hybrid wind-diesel scheme
- Wind-diesel systems: design considerations
- Components of a hybrid wind-diesel system
- Control strategies for wind-diesel generation systems
- Modeling and simulation of wind-diesel systems
- Conclusions
- Future trends
- References
Hybrid wind-photovoltaic energy systems
G Notton, University of Corsica, France
- Introduction
- Renewable energy resources and their potential
- Design and configuration of a wind-photovoltaic (PV) hybrid energy system
- Modeling and simulation of a wind-photovoltaic (PV) hybrid energy system
- Sizing and optimization of a wind-photovoltaic (PV) hybrid energy system
- Wind-photovoltaic (PV) hybrid energy system: case studies
- Future trends
- Conclusion
- References
- Nomenclature
Hybrid wind-hydrogen energy systems
T Tsoutsos, Technical University of Crete, Greece
- Introduction
- Design of wind electrolysis production systems
- Design of hydrogen storage systems
- Optimization of wind-hydrogen power systems
- Environmental impact assessment of wind-hydrogen systems
- Market potential and barriers for wind-hydrogen systems
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- Abbreviations
- References
Hybrid wind-hydropower energy systems
O A Jaramillo, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, O Rodríguez-Hernández and A Fuentes-Toledo, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
- Introduction
- The need to couple wind-hydropower power systems (WHPS)
- Different types of wind-hydropower power systems
- Research and development of wind/hydro power systems (WHPS) (modelling/simulation and evaluation experience)
- Benefits and limitations of wind-hydropower power systems (WHPS)
- Different operational policies and techniques for isolated grids
- Environmental impacts of wind-hydropower power systems (WHPS)
- The economics of wind-hydropower systems (WHPS)
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgement
- References
Electro-chemical energy storage technologies for wind energy systems
M Skyllas-Kazacos, University of New South Wales, Australia
- Introduction
- Off-grid or remote power systems
- Wind-diesel grids
- Large grid connected wind farms
- Energy storage
- Fundamentals of electro-chemical cells
- Types of electro-chemical energy storage technologies
- Electro-chemical capacitors (EC)
- Fuel cells
- Lead-acid battery
- Nickel-metal hydride batteries
- Li-ion battery
- Metal-air battery
- Sodium-sulphur (NaS) battery
- The zero emissions battery research activity (ZEBRA) battery
- Flow batteries
- Zn/Br battery
- All-vana1dium redox battery (VRB)
- Vanadium bromide redox battery (G2 V/Br)
- Summary
- References
Flywheel energy storage technologies for wind energy systems
A Ruddell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK
- Introduction
- Flywheel design and construction
- Features and limitations of flywheel storage technology
- Technology status of flywheel storage technology
- Application of flywheel storage technology
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Compressed air energy storage technologies for wind energy systems
A Cavallo, Princeton, USA
- Introduction
- Current status and future progress of compressed air energy storage (CAES)
- Texas: the ridge energy wind/CAES study
- Wind integration issues
- Discussion and conclusions
- References
PART 3 APPLICATIONS OF STAND-ALONE AND HYBRID WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS AND ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
Integration of renewable energy systems into remote micro-grids
J A Carta, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Introduction
- Hybrid micro-grid options
- General comments on the technological components of isolated micro-grids
- Architectures for stand-alone hybrid micro-grids
- Control and monitoring of hybrid micro-grids
- Design and construction of hybrid micro-grids
- Modelling and simulation of hybrid micro-grids
- Optimising integration of hybrid micro-grids
- Advantages and limitations of hybrid micro-grids
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Integration of stand-alone and hybrid wind energy systems into buildings
K A Kavadias, TEI of Piraeus, Greece
- Introduction
- Building sector characteristics
- An overview of energy consumption in buildings
- European Union facts about hybrid energy systems in buildings
- Description of hybrid energy systems in buildings
- Sizing procedure for hybrid energy systems in buildings
- Operational modes of hybrid energy systems in buildings
- System performance and optimization of hybrid energy systems in buildings
- Sources of further information and advice
Hybrid wind energy systems for desalination
E Kondili, TEI of Piraeus, Greece
- Introduction: the water scarcity problem
- Desalination processes and plants
- Energy requirements of desalination processes
- Integrated systems of Renewable energy sources (RES) with desalination plants
- Environmental impacts of (RES) based desalination plants
- Economic considerations in (RES)-based desalination
- Future trends
- References