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Materials for energy efficiency and thermal comfort in buildingsEdited by M Hall, University of Nottingham, UK
Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy No. 14
A focus on the highest standards of latest research, rather than commercial interest, makes for a high-quality book that still manages to hold commercial value.
Materials World
- explores improving energy efficiency and thermal comfort through material selection and sustainable technologies
- documents the development of advanced materials and sustainable technologies for applications in building design and construction
- examines fundamental building physics and occupant comfort in buildings featuring heat and mass transport, hygrothermal behaviour and ventilation
Almost half of the total energy produced in the developed world is inefficiently used to heat, cool, ventilate and control humidity in buildings, to meet the increasingly high thermal comfort levels demanded by occupants. The utilisation of advanced materials and passive technologies in buildings would substantially reduce the energy demand and improve the environmental impact and carbon footprint of building stock worldwide.
Materials for energy efficiency and thermal comfort in buildings critically reviews the advanced building materials applicable for improving the built environment. Part one reviews both fundamental building physics and occupant comfort in buildings, from heat and mass transport, hygrothermal behaviour, and ventilation, on to thermal comfort and health and safety requirements.
Part two details the development of advanced materials and sustainable technologies for application in buildings, beginning with a review of lifecycle assessment and environmental profiling of materials. The section moves on to review thermal insulation materials, materials for heat and moisture control, and heat energy storage and passive cooling technologies. Part two concludes with coverage of modern methods of construction, roofing design and technology, and benchmarking of façades for optimised building thermal performance.
Finally, Part three reviews the application of advanced materials, design and technologies in a range of existing and new building types, including domestic, commercial and high-performance buildings, and buildings in hot and tropical climates.
This book is of particular use to, mechanical, electrical and HVAC engineers, architects and low-energy building practitioners worldwide, as well as to academics and researchers in the fields of building physics, civil and building engineering, and materials science.
ISBN 1 84569 526 7
ISBN-13: 978 1 84569 526 2
April 2010
760 pages 234 x 156mm hardback
£180.00 / US$305.00 / €215.00
Usually dispatched within 24 hours
About the editor
Dr Matthew R Hall is a Lecturer in civil engineering materials at the University of Nottingham, UK. He is an award winning researcher, noted for his work in the fields of thermo-physical properties and heat and mass transport in porous materials.
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Contents
PART 1 FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND BUILDING PHYSICS: UNDERSTANDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THERMAL COMFORT IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
PART 2 MATERIALS AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES: IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THERMAL COMFORT IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
PART 3 APPLICATION OF ADVANCED BUILDING MATERIALS AND DESIGN: IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THERMAL COMFORT IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
PART 1 FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND BUILDING PHYSICS: UNDERSTANDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THERMAL COMFORT IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Heat and mass transport processes in building materials
M R Hall, University of Nottingham and D Allinson, Loughborough University, UK
- Introduction
- Heat transfer: the transport of energy
- Mass transfer: the transport of matter
- Summary
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
- Appendix: Nomenclature
Hygrothermal behaviour and simulation in buildings
H M Kuenzel, Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP, Germany
and A Karagiozis, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA
- Introduction
- Hygrothermal loads
- Modelling simultaneous heat and moisture transfer processes
- Input data for hygrothermal calculations
- Hygrothermal calculation results
- Model validation and practical application
- Limits of current hygrothermal models
- Conclusions and future trends
- References
Ventilation, air quality and air-tightness in buildings
D W Etheridge, University of Nottingham, UK
- Introduction
- Ventilation systems
- Physical mechanisms
- Feasibility of natural ventilation
- Natural ventilation design
- Issues concerning materials
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Heat energy storage and cooling in buildings
S Wu, University of Nottingham, UK
- Introduction
- Psychrometrics
- Fundamentals of thermal energy storage
- Materials for thermal energy storage
- Thermal storage applications for building heating and cooling
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
- Appendix: Nomenclatures
Thermal comfort in buildings
K Parsons, Loughborough University, UK
- Introduction
- Thermal comfort
- Measurement of thermal comfort
- The thermal index: an assessment technique
- Thermal comfort indices
- International Standards and thermal comfort
- Behavioural thermoregulation, thermal comfort and the adaptive model
- Equivalent clothing index (IEQUIV)
- Equivalent clothing index, the comfort temperature range and temperature limits in offices
- Sustainable thermal comfort
- References
Environmental health and safety in buildings
P Brimblecombe, University of East Anglia, UK
- Introduction
- Safety issues in occupied spaces
- Combustion, fire and combustible materials
- Infiltration of outdoor pollutants
- Indoor emissions and outgassing
- Occupant activity
- Transformations within the interior
- Particles in buildings that impact on environmental health and safety
- Materials and toxicity
- Advanced material requirements
- Future trends
- References
PART 2 MATERIALS AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES: IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THERMAL COMFORT IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Life cycle assessment and environmental profiling of building materials
K Steele, Arup: Façades and Materials, UK
- Materials sustainability
- A life cycle approach to selecting building materials
- A brief history of life cycle assessment (LCA)
- Environmental labelling
- Life cycle assessment (LCA) of building materials
- Life cycle assessment (LCA) standardisation
- UK context
- Other issues
- References
Inorganic mineral materials for insulation in buildings
R Gellert, FIW München, Germany
- Introduction
- Regulatory requirements
- Building-related properties
- Ecological and health aspects
- Individual product profiles
- Summary
- References
Natural fibre and fibre composite materials for insulation in buildings
R Gellert, FIW München, Germany
- Introduction
- Regulatory requirements
- Building-related properties
- Ecological and health aspects
- Individual product profiles
- Reference buildings
- Summary
- References
Polymeric foam materials for insulation in buildings
D Feldman, Concordia University, Canada
- Introduction
- Foam classification, materials, foaming mechanism
- Processing technologies
- Thermoplastic and thermosetting foams
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
- Appendix: Abbreviations
Thermal insulation materials for building equipment
M Zeitler, FIW München, Germany
- Introduction
- Insulation materials
- Form pieces and form parts
- Support and spacer ring constructions
- Vapour retarder materials
- Claddings
- Insulation system
- Heat loss of the operational installation in the technical building equipment
- References
Reflective materials and radiant barriers for insulation in buildings
D W Yarbrough, R&D Services Inc., USA
- Background and definitions
- Applications and assemblies
- Basis for thermal performance
- Measurement of thermal performance
- Codes and standards
- Sources of information and advice
- References
Aerogel materials for insulation in buildings
C-H Yu, Q J Fu and S C E Tsang, University of Oxford, UK
- Introduction
- Processing material and properties
- Aerogel formation
- Physical properties of aerogels
- Applications of aerogels
- Future trends
- Conclusions
- References
Hygrothermal materials for heat and moisture control in buildings
M R Hall, University of Nottingham, UK
- Introduction
- Characterisation of hygrothermal functional properties
- Material Classes
- Applications in buildings and occupied spaces
- Future trends
- Source of further information and advice
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Appendix: Nomenclature
Desiccant materials for moisture control in buildings
B Warwicker, UK
- Introduction
- Desiccant cycle
- Desiccant applications
- Health and comfort
- Air quality
- Natural and commercial desiccants: typical materials
- Practical applications of commercial desiccants
- Practical applications of natural desiccants for modifying building humidity
- References
- Appendix: Energy efficiency ratio (EER) and coefficient of performance (COP)
Phase change materials for heat energy storage and thermal comfort in buildings
M M Farid and A Sharif, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Introduction
- Background
- Selection of phase change materials (PCM) and fabrication of PCM-gypsum wallboards (PCMGW)
- Full-scale testing facilities
- Benefits of applying thermal energy storage
- Computer simulation
- Conclusions
- References
Porous materials for direct and indirect evaporative cooling in buildings
X Zhao, De Montfort University, UK
- Introduction
- Assessing the capacities of evaporative cooling systems and the associated requirements in materials
- Comparative analyses of potential materials for evaporative cooling
- Potential applications of porous materials in buildings
- Conclusion
- References
- Appendix: Nomenclature
Prefabricated building units and modern methods of construction (MMC)
M Mapston, MMConsult and one42morrow and C Westbrook, Mtech Consult Ltd., UK
- Materials led building design
- Offsite construction
- Standardisation in construction
- Types of offsite construction
- Comfort factors in lightweight buildings
- Design led materials for addressing lightweight performance issues
- Delivering sustainable comfort: a question of balance
- Thin solutions (insulation and mass)
- Thermal mass in offsite potential
- Phase change materials (PCMs)
- Advancements in phase change materials for buildings
- New membrane developments
- Composite design
- References
Roofing materials for thermal performance and environmental integration of buildings
J Jones, Virginia Tech, USA
- A question of design
- Roof construction
- Vegetated roofing systems
- Solar integrated roofing systems
- Natural ventilation
- Rainwater harvesting
- The role of roofs in building rating systems
- Conclusion
- References
Assessing and benchmarking the performance of advanced building façades
J A Clarke and C M Johnstone, University of Strathclyde, UK
- Advanced façades
- Façade component options
- Performance models and model parameter measurement
- Integrated performance rating
- Application in practice
- Benchmarking façade performance
- Source of further information and advice
- References
PART 3 APPLICATION OF ADVANCED BUILDING MATERIALS AND DESIGN: IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THERMAL COMFORT IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Advanced building materials and eco-building design
B Watts, Max Fordham LLP, UK
- Introduction
- Issues in eco-building design
- Challenges of sustainable development for a designer
- The eco-building design process
- Heelis: brief case history
- Future trends
- Source of further information and advice
- References
Materials for energy efficiency and thermal comfort in domestic buildings
A Peacock, Heriot Watt University, UK
- Introduction
- EU domestic housing stock
- UK domestic housing
- Building fabric heat loss and CO2 emissions
- Architectural vernacular
- Intervention strategies
- Internal wall insulation
- External wall insulation
- Carbon payback time
- Summary
- Source of further information and advice
- References
Materials for energy efficiency and thermal comfort in commercial buildings
D H C Chow, University of Nottingham Ningbo, China
- Introduction
- Energy efficiency and thermal comfort in offices
- Energy efficiency and thermal comfort in retail spaces
- Energy efficiency and thermal comfort in factories and warehouses
- Embodied energy
- Material choice
- Modelling and monitoring thermal performance and comfort
- Future trends in design and refurbishment
- Source of further information and advice
- References
Materials for energy efficiency and thermal comfort in high performance buildings
P C J Davda, G Sex and J Broomfield, The Austin Company of UK Ltd, UK
- Introduction
- User considerations
- External considerations
- Internal considerations
- Process areas
- People areas
- Environmental design and computer modelling
- Environmental and energy considerations
- Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM®)
- Future trends
- Source of further information and advice
- References
Materials for energy efficiency and thermal comfort in new buildings
L Shao, De Montfort University, UK
- Introduction
- Challenges facing the new build
- The role, shape and trend of legislation
- Thermal mass
- Phase change materials (PCMs)
- Vegetation and reflective materials
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Materials for energy efficiency and thermal comfort in the refurbishment of existing buildings
M Gillott and C Spataru, University of Nottingham, UK
- Introduction
- Change of use in buildings
- Approaches to low carbon retrofit systems/technologies
- Post-occupancy evaluation (POE)
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Application of design and passive technologies for thermal comfort in buildings in hot and tropical climates
M B Gadi, University of Nottingham, UK
- Thermal comfort in different climates
- Climate impact on urban pattern and building form and fabric
- Climate impact on building fabric
- Approaches and lessons learned from traditional hot climate architecture
- Application of design and passive technologies in modern buildings
- Thermal performance of passive solar systems
- Conclusions
- Sources of further information and advice
- References