This item is in: Engineering > Marine engineering and underwater welding
Advances in marine antifouling coatings and technologiesEdited by C Hellio, University of Portsmouth, UK and D M Yebra, Pinturas Hempel S.A., Spain
Woodhead Publishing Series in Metals and Surface Engineering No. 32
This book provides a comprehensive summary of the current state-of-the-art and should be essential reading for anyone concerned with sustainable operation of equipment in the marine environment.
Materials World
- assesses marine antifouling organisms and their impact, including a historical review and directions for future research
- discusses developments in antifouling coatings examining chemically-active and new surface approaches
- reviews the environmentally friendly alternative of safer active compounds and the progress of non-toxic compounds
- summarises methods for testing antifouling coatings covering ageing and long-term performance tests in both the field and laboratory
Marine biofouling can be defined as the undesirable accumulation of microorganisms, algae and animals on structures submerged in seawater. From the dawn of navigation, marine biofouling has been a major problem for shipping in such areas as reduced speed, higher fuel consumption and increased corrosion. It also affects industries using off-shore structures such as oil and gas production and aquaculture. Growing concerns about the environmental impact of antifouling coatings has led to major new research to develop more environmentally-friendly alternatives. Advances in marine antifouling coatings and technologies summaries this wealth of research and its practical implications.
This book is divided into four sub-sections which discuss: marine fouling organisms and their impact, testing and development of antifouling coatings, developments in chemically-active marine antifouling technologies, and new surface approaches to the control of marine biofouling. It provides an authoritative overview of the recent advances in understanding the biology of fouling organisms, the latest developments on antifouling screening techniques both in the field and in the laboratory, research on safer active compounds and the progress on nontoxic coatings with tailor-made surface properties.
With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Advances in marine antifouling coatings and technologies is a standard reference for manufacturers of marine antifouling solutions, the shipping industry, oil and gas producers, aquaculture and other industries using offshore structures, and academics researching this important area.
ISBN 1 84569 386 8
ISBN-13: 978 1 84569 386 2
May 2009
784 pages 234 x 156mm hardback
£190.00 / US$325.00 / €230.00
Usually dispatched within 24 hours
About the editors
Dr Claire Hellio is Senior Lecturer in the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Portsmouth, UK. Dr Diego M Yebra works for Pinturas Hempel S.A., Spain. Both have international reputations for their research on marine antifouling coatings and technologies.
Titles which may also be of interest:
High-performance organic coatings
Techniques for corrosion monitoring
Functional ingredients from algae for foods and nutraceuticals
Contents
PART 1 MARINE FOULING ORGANISMS AND THEIR IMPACT
PART 2 TESTING AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIFOULING COATINGS
PART 3 CHEMICALLY ACTIVE MARINE ANTIFOULING TECHNOLOGIES
PART 4 SURFACE APPROACHES TO THE CONTROL OF MARINE BIOFOULING
Introduction
C Hellio, University of Portsmouth, UK and D M Yebra, Pinturas Hempel S.A., Spain
- Marine biofouling
- Historical development of AF protection technologies
- Current biocide-based AF protection technologies
- Antifouling legislation and non-toxic technologies
- Multidisciplinary collaborative research towards a sustainable future
- Advances in marine antifouling coatings and technologies
- Acknowledgements
- References
PART 1 MARINE FOULING ORGANISMS AND THEIR IMPACT
The battle against marine biofouling: a historical review
G Jones, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand
- Introduction
- Timber ships
- Iron clad ships
- Documentation of macrofouling organisms
- Bio-films
- Strength and mode of attachment
- Development of antifouling coatings
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
Surface colonisation by marine organisms and its impact on antifouling research
A S Clare and N Aldred, Newcastle University, UK
- Introduction
- Nontoxic marine antifouling approaches
- The barnacle model
- The nature of barnacle cyprid adhesives and mechanisms of adhesion
- Effects of surface properties on cyprid settlement
- Future trends
- Acknowledgements
- References
Algae as marine fouling organisms: adhesion damage and prevention
C Hellio, University of Portsmouth, UK, K Lebret, Lund University, Sweden and M Thabard, Marine Observatory of Martinique (OMMM), French West Indies
- Introduction
- General characteristics of algae
- Adhesion of microalgae
- Adhesion of macroalgae
- Algae and chemical cues for invertebrates
- Damage caused by algal fouling
- Prevention of algal fouling
- Conclusions and future trends
- Acknowledgements
- References
Bacterial adhesion and marine fouling
T Harder and L H Yee, University of New South Wales, Australia
- Introduction
- Sequential steps of bacterial adhesion
- Biofilm growth
- The material surface
- Conclusions
- Future trends
- Acknowledgement
- References
Understanding the biofouling of off-shore and deep-sea structures
M Apolinario and R Coutinho, Petrobras, Brazil
- Introduction
- Operational and structural aspects
- Environmental aspects
- Biodiversity and bioinvasion
- Offshore colonisation and metapopulation
- Observing biofouling on underwater structures
- New frontiers in fouling studies
- References
The effects of corrosion and fouling on the performance of ocean-going vessels: a naval architectural perspective
T Munk and D Kane, Propulsion Dynamics Inc, USA and D M Yebra, Pinturas Hempel S.A., Spain
- Ship hydrodynamics basics
- Turbulent boundary layer basics
- Coating type and associated drag
- Fouling species and related drag
- Introduction: fouling and ship powering
- Background on vessel performance
- Degradation of vessel performance
- Methods for measuring vessel performance losses due to fouling and corrosion
- Added resistance diagrams and their use
- Benchmarking hull pretreatment in drydock and hull coating systems performance
- Added resistance as a metric to compare hull and propeller condition of similar vessels
- Conclusions
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
The impact and control of biofouling in marine finfish aquaculture
R de Nys, James Cook University, Australia and J Guenther, SINTEF, Norway
- Introduction
- The ecology of biofouling in mariculture
- The dynamics of biofouling
- The impact of biofouling on finfish culture
- Summary of impacts
- The control of biofouling
- Biological control
- Non-toxic coatings
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
Expected effect of climate change on fouling communities and its impact on antifouling research
S Dobretsov, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
- Introduction
- Impact of global climate change on biofouling species
- Impact of climate change on biofouling communities
- Effect of climate change on biological invasions
- Conclusions and directions for future research
- Acknowledgements
- References
Legislation affecting antifouling products
M Pereira and C Ankjaergaard, Hempel A/S, Denmark
- Introduction
- Global antifouling products legislation
- Regional antifouling products legislation
- National antifouling products legislation
- Other legislation affecting antifouling products
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- Abbreviations
- References
PART 2 TESTING AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIFOULING COATINGS
Developing new marine antifouling substances: learning from the pharmaceutical industry
L Mårtensson Linblad, Göteborg University, Sweden
- Introduction
- The communication triad
- From concepts to products
- Learning from the pharmaceutical industry
- The importance of formulations
- Side effects and regulation
- Marketing a new product
- Summary
- References
Laboratory bioassays for screening marine antifouling compounds
H-U Dahms, National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan and C Hellio, University of Portsmouth, UK
- Introduction
- Bioassays for microbial fouling
- Anti-microalgal biossay
- Anti-fungal assays
- Macrofouling
- Toxicity testing
- Conclusions
- References and further reading
Key issues in the formulation of marine antifouling paints
D M Yebra, Pinturas Hempel S.A., Spain and C E Weinell, Hempel A/S, Denmark
- Introduction
- The components of antifouling paint
- Paint making
- Testing general paint properties
- Mechanical testing
- Conclusions
- Sources of further information and advice
- Acknowledgements
- References
Modelling the design and optimization of chemically active marine antifouling coatings
S Kiil, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark and D M Yebra, Pinturas Hempel S.A., Spain
- Introduction
- Empirical versus model-based screening and optimisation
- Previous modelling work on classical AF paints
- Modelling self-polishing antifouling coatings
- Experimental techniques to quantify model input parameters
- Future trends
- Nomenclature
- References
High throughput methods for the design of fouling control coatings
D C Webster, B J Chisholm and S J Stafslien, North Dakota State University, USA
- Introduction: the need for high throughput methods
- Methods for the preparation of coating libraries
- Screening of coating libraries
- Methods for rapid screening for biofouling
- Conclusions and future trends
- Acknowledgements
- References
Ageing tests and long-term performance of marine antifouling coatings
A Sánchez and D M Yebra, Pinturas Hempel S.A., Spain
- Introduction
- Field tests
- Laboratory setups
- Future trends and conclusions
- Sources of further information and advice
- Acknowledgements
- References
Testing the impact of biofilms on the performance of marine antifouling coatings
D Howell, Royal Haskoning, UK
- Introduction
- Marine microfouling
- Effects of biocidal antifouling coatings on biofilms
- Effects of biofilms on the performance of biocidal antifouling coatings
- Multi-parameter studies on antifouling coatings
- Current test methodologies
- Future trends
- References
PART 3 CHEMICALLY ACTIVE MARINE ANTIFOULING TECHNOLOGIES
Tin-free self-polishing marine antifouling coatings
C Bressy and A Margaillan, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, F Faÿ, I Linossier and K Réhel, Université de Bretagne-Sud, France
- Introduction
- Requirements for self-polishing coatings
- Chemical structures of self-polishing binders
- Key parameters for binder design
- Future trends
- Conclusions: advantages of self polishing coatings
- References
The use of copper as a biocide in marine antifouling paints
S Brooks, NIVA, Norway and M Waldock, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, UK
- Introduction
- Copper as a biocide in antifouling paint coatings
- Comparative copper inputs from antifouling paints
- Copper concentrations in the marine environment
- Copper speciation and toxicity
- Copper toxicity models in the marine and estuarine environment
- Risk assessment of copper
- Conclusions
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
The use of broad-spectrum organic biocides in marine antifouling paints
K Thomas, NIVA, Norway
- Introduction
- Environmental occurrence of antifouling biocides
- Environmental fate of antifouling biocides
- Risk assessment
- Conclusions
- List of abbreviations
- References
Organic alternatives to copper in the control of marine biofouling
M C Perez, M E Stupak, G Blustein and M Garcia, CIDEPINT, Argentina and L Mårtensson Linblad, Göteborg University, Sweden
- Introduction: the use of benzoates
- The use of medetomidine
- The use of condensed tannins
- Conclusions
- References
Natural marine products with antifouling activities
C Hellio, University of Portsmouth, UK, J-P Marechal, Marine Environment Observatory of Martinique, French West Indies, B A P Da Gama and R C Pereira, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil, A S Clare, Newcastle University, UK
- Introduction
- Microorganims
- Macroalgae
- Marine invertebrates
- General issues in the use of natural antifoulants
- Future trends
- References
Enzyme-based solutions for marine antifouling coatings
S M Olsen, L T Pedersen and M H Hermann, Hempel A/S, S Kiil and K Dam-Johansen, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
- Introduction
- History of enzymatic antifouling
- Classification of enzymatic antifouling
- Other aims of enzymatic activity in coatings
- Pitfalls in enzymatic antifouling coating development
- Legislation
- Conclusions
- References
PART 4 SURFACE APPROACHES TO THE CONTROL OF MARINE BIOFOULING
Advanced nanostructured surfaces for the control of marine biofouling: the AMBIO project
J A Callow and M E Callow, University of Birmingham, UK
- Introduction
- Aims of the AMBIO project
- Structure of the project
- Selected emerging results
- Acknowledgements
- References
Surface modification approaches to control marine biofouling
A J Scardino, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia
- Introduction
- Surface roughness
- Surface modification techniques
- Bioinspired surface designs
- Conclusions and future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Fouling control coatings using low surface energy, foul release technology
R L Townsin, formerly University of Newcastle and C D Anderson, International Paint Ltd, UK
- Introduction
- The physics and chemistry of foul release coatings
- Fouling adhesion characteristics on foul release coatings
- The roughness of the applied foul release coating
- Recent developments and advances
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Non-silicon biocide-free antifouling solutions
J A Lewis, ES Link Services Pty Ltd, Australia
- Introduction
- Fluorinated polymer coatings
- Smart polymers
- Hydrophilic surfaces
- Fibre coatings
- Biocide-free self-polishing coatings
- Scrubbable and inert coatings
- Non-leaching active coatings
- Synthesis and discussion
- References
Trends in marine biofouling research
D Rittschoff, Duke University Marine Laboratory, USA
- Introduction: existing business models
- The context for research in biofouling management
- Novel mechanical cleaning approaches and organic broad spectrum biocides
- Biomimetics
- Other approaches
- Research involving new societal paradigms
- Future research
- Biological responses to new technology
- Research restructuring societal approaches to fouling management
- A new business model
- Acknowledgements
- References