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Ageing of compositesEdited by R Martin, MERL, UK
Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering No. 22
- addresses many of the uncertainties about the long-term performance of composites and how they age under conditions encountered in service
- reviews processes and modelling of composite ageing including chemical ageing mechanisms and stress corrosion cracking
- discusses ageing of composites in both transport and non-transport applications ranging from aircraft to implants in medical devices
Ageing of composites is a highly topical subject given the increasing use of composites in structural applications in many industries. Ageing of composites addresses many of the uncertainties about the long-term performance of composites and how they age under conditions encountered in service.
The first part of the book reviews processes and modelling of composite ageing including physical and chemical ageing of polymeric composites, ageing of glass-ceramic matrix composites, chemical ageing mechanisms, stress corrosion cracking, thermo-oxidative ageing, spectroscopy of ageing composites, modelling physical and accelerated ageing and ageing of silicon carbide composites. Part two examines ageing of composites in transport applications including aircraft, vehicles and ships. Part three reviews ageing of composites in non-transport applications such as implants in medical devices, oil and gas refining, construction, chemical processing and underwater applications.
With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Ageing of composites is a valuable reference guide for composite manufacturers and developers. It also serves as a source of information for material scientists, designers and engineers in industries that use composites, including transport, chemical processing and medical engineering.
ISBN 1 84569 352 3
ISBN-13: 978 1 84569 352 7
August 2008
544 pages 234 x 156mm hardback
£165.00 / US$280.00 / €200.00
Usually dispatched within 24 hours
About the editor
Dr Rod Martin, Chief Executive Officer of MERL Ltd in Hitchin, UK, is a Chartered Engineer and Chartered Scientist. He has conducted research on composites used in many applications including space, aeronautics, land transport and the petrochemical industry.
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Contents
PART 1 AGEING OF COMPOSITES - PROCESSES AND MODELLING
PART 2 AGEING OF COMPOSITES IN TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS
PART 3 AGEING OF COMPOSITES IN NON-TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS
PART 1 AGEING OF COMPOSITES - PROCESSES AND MODELLING
The physical and chemical ageing of polymeric composites
T Gates, NASA Langley Research Center, USA
- Introduction
- Background
- Viscoelasticity
- Aging and effective time
- Development of an aging study
- Summary
- References
Ageing of glass-ceramic matrix composites
K Plucknett, Dalhousie University, Canada
- Introduction
- Composite fabrication
- Fast-fracture behaviour
- Long-term environmental ageing behaviour
- Mechanism of oxidation degradation
- Development of a failure mechanism map
- Oxidation behaviour under applied stress
- Thermal shock cycling
- Composite protection methods
- Conclusions and future trends
- References
Chemical ageing mechanisms of glass fibre reinforced concrete
H Cuypers, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium and J Orlowsky,
Institut für Bauforschung der RWTH Aachen, Germany
- Introduction
- Problem identification
- Experimental methods
- Modelling of chemical attack of fibres
- Interface effects
- Composite loading effects
- In situ degradation of composites due to chemical attack
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
Stress corrosion cracking in glass reinforced polymer composites
A Chateauminois, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI), France
- Introduction
- Overview of stress corrosion cracking in glass reinforced polymer matrix composites
- Stress corrosion cracking of glass fibres
- Stress corrosion cracking in unidirectional glass fibre reinforced polymer composite composites
- Concluding remarks and future trends
- References
Thermo-oxidative ageing of composite materials
T Tsotsis, The Boeing Company, USA
- Introduction
- Developments in understanding thermo-oxidative aging
- Initial studies – Kerr and Haskins
- Overview of other studies
- Areas for future study
- Conclusions and recommendations
- References
Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy of ageing composites
R W Jones and J McClelland, Iowa State University, USA
- Introduction
- Theory and practice of photoacoustic spectroscopy
- Ageing of composites
- Ambient temperature ageing of prepreg
- Acknowledgements
- References
Modelling physical ageing in polymer composites
H Hu, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- Introduction
- Modelling physical aging in short-term creep
- Modelling physical aging in long-term creep
- Temperature and moisture effects
- Conclusions
- References
Ageing of silicon carbide composites
S M Skolianos, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
- Introduction
- Silicon carbide composites
- Ageing kinetics
- Microstructural change
- Effect of volume fraction and size of Silicon carbide reinforcement
- Change in properties
- References
Modelling accelerated ageing in polymer composites
G Mensitieri, CR-INSTM - University of Naples Federico II and M Iannone, Alenia Aeronautica s.p.a., Italy
- Introduction
- Definition of environmental conditions and important variables
- Degradation mechanisms and processes
- Modelling time-dependent mechanical behaviour
- Modelling mechanical degradation
- Modelling physical ageing
- Modelling hygrothermal effects
- Modelling chemical ageing
- Methodology for accelerated testing based on modelling approach
- Accelerated long-time mechanical behaviour
- Accelerated mechanical degradation
- Accelerated physical ageing
- Accelerated hygrothermal degradation
- Accelerated thermal degradation and oxidation
- Validation of acceleration procedure by comparison with real-time data
- Future trends
- References
PART 2 AGEING OF COMPOSITES IN TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS
Ageing of composites in the rail industry
K B Shin, HANBAT National University, Korea
- Introduction
- The major environmental ageing factors and effects of composites for rail vehicle applications
- Environmental test methods and evaluation procedure on ageing of composites
- Case study: evaluation of the effect of increased composite ageing on the structural integrity of the bodyshell of the Korean tilting train
- References
Ageing of composites in the rotorcraft industry
K Dragan, Polish Air Force Institute of Technology, Poland
- Introduction to composite structures applied in the rotorcraft industry using the example of PZL
- Potential damage that can occur in a composite main rotor blade
- Low-energy impact damage and durability in a W-3 main rotor blade
- Influence of moisture and temperature
- New techniques for composite structures testing
- References
Ageing of composites in marine vessels
P Davies and D Choqueuse, IFREMER Brest Centre, France
- The use of composites in marine vessels
- Marine composites
- The marine environment
- Recent published studies on marine ageing
- Example 1: glass-reinforced thermoset ageing
- Example 2: ageing at sea
- Example 3: osmosis and blistering
- Relevance of accelerated tests
- Conclusions and future trends
- References
PART 3 AGEING OF COMPOSITES IN NON-TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS
Ageing of polyethylene composite implants in medical devices
S Affatato, Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Italy
- Definition of medical devices
- Brief history of polyethylene used in medical devices
- Improvement on polyethylene for medical devices
- Ageing of polyethylene
- Future trends
- Acknowledgements
- References
Ageing of composite in oil and gas applications
S Frost, ESR Technology Ltd., UK
- Introduction
- Modeling of damage
- Ageing due to temperature
- Ageing due to chemical species
- Ageing due to applied load
- Design against ageing
- Assessment of ageing
- Examples of ageing
- Conclusions
- References
Ageing of composites in the construction industry
S Halliwell, NetComposites Ltd, UK
- Introduction
- Use of fibre-reinforced polymer composites (FRPs) in construction
- Benefits of fibre-reinforced polymer composites for construction
- Performance requirements
- Performance in service
- Joints
- Repair of degraded fibre-reinforced polymer composite structures
- Summary
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Ageing of composite insulators
S M Gubanski, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
- High-voltage insulators
- Materials and manufacturing techniques
- Practical experiences with composite insulators
- Ageing of insulator housing
- Ageing of insulator core
- Ageing at insulator interfaces
- Future trends
- References
Ageing of composites in the chemical processing industry
R Martin, MERL Ltd, UK
- Introduction
- Examples of use of fibre reinforced polymer composites in the processing industry
- Types of fibre reinforced polymer composite
- Types of degradation in fibre reinforced polymer composites
- Current methods for assessing long-term ageing of fibre-reinforced plastics
- Case studies of ageing assessment approaches
- Concluding remarks
- References
Ageing of composites in underwater applications
D Choqueuse and P Davies, IFREMER Brest Centre, France
- Introduction
- Deep sea environmental parameters
- Ageing of composites in water
- Case study 1: composite tubes
- Case study 2: composite material for deep sea applications
- Case study 3: syntactic foam for deep sea and offshore applications
- Concluding remarks
- References