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Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in foodEdited by I Shaw, University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition No. 170
- reviews the impacts of endocrine disrupting chemicals on health and behaviour including cancer and reproductive disorders
- addresses the origin and analysis of endocrine disruptors with chapters on surveillance and analysis techniques
- examines the relevance of genetics, epigenetics and genomic technologies to endocrine disrupting chemicals
- an essential reference for all professionals and academics involved in food safety
The rise in the incidence of health problems such as reproductive disorders and testicular and breast cancer has been linked by some to endocrine disrupting chemicals in the environment. The role of food in transmitting these chemicals is uncertain and a topic of considerable research. This important book addresses key topics in this area.
The first part of the book reviews the impacts of endocrine disrupting chemicals on health and behaviour, with chapters on the effect of dietary endocrine disruptors in such areas as the developing foetus, cancer and bone health. Parts two and three focus on the origin and analysis of endocrine disruptors in food products and risk assessment. Topics addressed include surveillance, analysis techniques such as biosensors, exposure assessment and the relevance of genetics, epigenetics and genomic technologies to the study of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Concluding chapters discuss examples of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals associated with food, such as dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls and brominated flame retardants, bisphenol A and phytoestrogens and phytosterols.
With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in food is an essential reference for all those concerned with ensuring the safety of food.
ISBN 1 84569 218 7
ISBN-13: 978 1 84569 218 6
March 2009
608 pages 234 x 156mm hardback
£170.00 / US$290.00 / €205.00
Usually dispatched within 24 hours
About the editor
Professor Ian Shaw is Professor of Toxicology in the Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, New Zealand. He has published widely on endocrine disrupting chemicals in food.
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Chemical contaminants and residues in food
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Contents
PART 1 ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS, HEALTH AND BEHAVIOUR
PART 2 ORIGIN AND ANALYSIS OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS IN FOOD PRODUCTS
PART 3 RISK ASSESSMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS IN FOOD PRODUCTS
PART 4 EXAMPLES OF ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS ASSOCIATED WITH FOOD AND OTHER CONSUMER PRODUCTS
PART 1 ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS, HEALTH AND BEHAVIOUR
The effect of dietary endocrine disruptors on the developing fetus
I Shaw, University of Canterbury and University of Auckland, B Balakrishnan and M D Mitchell, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Introduction
- The effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on human development
- The metabolism of endocrine disruptors
- Endocrine disruptors in general
- The role of the endocrine system in fetal development
- Effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on sexual differentiation and congenital malformations of the developing fetus
- Other effects of endocrine disruptors on the developing fetus
- Reproductive dysfunction in females
- Endocrine disruptors and the placenta
- Studies of placental transfer of xenoestrogens in humans
- Conclusions
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Human epidemiologic studies of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and altered hormone levels
J D Meeker, University of Michigan School of Public Health, USA
- Introduction
- Persistent organochlorines
- Non-persistent pesticides
- Phthalates
- Metals
- Other emerging compounds of concern
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References.
Epidemiological evidence on impaired reproductive function and cancer related to endocrine-disrupting chemicals
G Toft, Aarhus University Hospital and J P Bonde Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
- Introduction
- Methods
- Reproductive abnormalities at birth
- Semen quality
- Menstrual cycle disturbances
- Endometriosis and fibroids
- Time to pregnancy
- Cancer studies
- Conclusions
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Nutritional phytoestrogens and bone health
W Wuttke, H Jarry and D Seidlová-Wuttke, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany
- Introduction: trends in bone health
- Methods to study the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on bone health
- Effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on bone health
- Phytoestrogens and bone health
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
PART 2 ORIGIN AND ANALYSIS OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS IN FOOD PRODUCTS
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: origins, fates and transmission into the food chain
L Connolly, Queens University Belfast, UK
- Introduction
- Natural endocrine-disrupting chemicals
- Synthetic endocrine-disrupting industrial chemicals
- Fate of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and their transmission into the food chain
- References
Surveillance of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in foods
M Rose, Food and Environment Research Agency, UK
- Introduction: importance of surveillance of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in food and the environment
- Environmental risk assessment versus dietary exposure estimates
- Survey design
- Sampling
- Surveillance programs
- Dietary intake calculations and consumer exposure estimates
- Monitoring time trends
- Future trends
- References
- Appendix: check plan for sampling
Advances in chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry-related techniques for analysis of endocrine disruptors in food
J-P Antignac, F Courant and B Le Bizec, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes (ENVN), France
- Introduction
- Advances in gas chromatography - mass spectrometry-related techniques
- Case studies in gas chromatography - mass spectrometry-related techniques
- Advances in liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry-related techniques
- Case studies in liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry-related techniques
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Biosensors for endocrine disruptors
E Eltzov, A Kushmaro and R S Marks, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
- Introduction
- General structure biosensors
- Monitoring of specific endocrine-disrupting chemicals in food and environmental fields
- Future trends
- Acknowledgments
- References
PART 3 RISK ASSESSMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS IN FOOD PRODUCTS
Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in food
B M Thomson, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd, New Zealand
- Introduction
- Selection of endocrine-disrupting chemicals
- Exposure assessment methodologies
- Exposure to total estrogenicity
- Exposure assessments for endocrine-disrupting chemicals
- Implication for the food industry
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Bioassays for the detection of hormonal activities
T F H Bovee and L A P Hoogenboom, RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, The Netherlands and B M Thomson, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd, New Zealand
- Introduction
- Compounds with hormonal activity
- In vivo bioassays for estrogens and androgens
- In vitro bioassays for estrogens and androgens
- In vitro bioassays to determine indirect effects on endogenous hormone levels
- Ah-receptor assays
- Other hormonal bioassays
- Conclusions and future trends
- References
Genetics, epigenetics and genomic technologies: importance and application to the study of endocrine-disrupting chemicals
L R Ferguson and M Philpott, The University of Auckland and Nutrigenomics, New Zealand
- Introduction
- Genetic variability in susceptibility to endocrine-disrupting chemicals
- The potential of microarrays and related techniques for detection of effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals
- Gene expression as a component of screening methods for the detection of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in food and environment
- Modulation of gene expression by endocrine disrupters through epigenetic mechanisms
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- Acknowledgements
- References
Computer-aided methodologies to predict endocrine-disrupting potency of chemicals
A Roncaglioni and E Benfenati, Instituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Italy
- Introduction. In silico methods to predict the endocrine-disrupting potency of a chemical
- Results and implications
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- Acknowledgements
- References
Endocrine disruptors in breast milk and the health-related issues of breastfeeding
B G J Heinzow, State Agency for Social Services Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, and University of Notre Dame, Australia
- Introduction
- Xenobiotics and transmission into human milk
- Nutritional phytoestrogens in human milk
- Range and distribution of xenobiotic endocrine disruptors in human milk
- Assessment of exposure
- Risk assessment
- Current recommendations on breastfeeding
- Conclusions
- References
Assessing the risks of endocrine-disrupting chemicals
A Beronius, Karolinska Institutet, C Rudén, Royal Institute of Technology, A Hanberg, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, J Gara, University of Pecs, Hungary and H Håkansson, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- Introduction
- The four model compounds
- Regulatory frameworks
- Toxicity data requirements
- Availability and scope of risk assessment guidelines
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals effects assessments
- Toxicological assumptions and principles in effect assessment
- Development of testing and assessment methods for endocrine-disrupting chemicals
- Conclusions
- References
PART 4 EXAMPLES OF ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS ASSOCIATED WITH FOOD AND OTHER CONSUMER PRODUCTS
Dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls and brominated flame retardants
L A P Hoogenboom, RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, The Netherlands
- Introduction
- Dioxins and dioxin-like polychlobiphenyls
- Analytical methods for the toxic effects of dioxins and dioxin-like polychlobiphenyls
- Current exposure to dioxins and polychlobiphenyls
- Brominated flame retardants
- Abbreviations
- References
Bisphenol A
J E Goodman and L R Rhomberg, Gradient Corporation, USA
- Introduction
- Bisphenol A migration from packaging materials and containers into food and beverages
- Bisphenol A in humans
- Mechanisms of action of Bisphenol A
- Bisphenol A risks to human health
- Positions of government bodies on potential human health risks of Bisphenol A
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- Acknowledgements
- References
Phytoestrogens and phytosterols
S Hendrich, Iowa State University, USA
- Introduction: phytoestrogens and phytosterols in food and endocrine disruption
- Determining the adverse effects of phytoestrogens and phytosterols
- Assessing dietary intake of phytoestrogens and phytosterols
- Assessing the risks and benefits of phytoestrogens and phytosterols in food
- Managing the risks of phytoestrogens and phytosterols in food
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
Pharmaceuticals
A H Piersma and M Luijten, National Institute for Public Health
and the Environment RIVM, The Netherlands, V Popov and
V Tomenko, Wessex Institute of Technology, UK, M Altstein,
Agricultural Research Organization and F Kagampang and
H Schlesinger, Analyst Research Laboratories Ltd, Israel
- Introduction
- Classification of the mechanisms by which pharmaceuticals affect fecundity
- Exposure pathways of pharmaceutical products in food
- Pharmaceutical products potentially affecting human fecundity and their assessed mechanism of action
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Antipyretic drugs
- Peroxisome proliferators
- Antihypertensive drugs
- Anticonvulsants
- Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
- Beta Blockers
- Steroid contraceptives
- Antibiotics
- Risk assessment
- Conclusions
- References
Endocrin-active ultraviolet filters and cosmetics
M Schlumpf and W Lichtensteiger, GREEN Tox, Switzerland
- Chemicals used as ultraviolet filters
- Endocrine activity and developmental toxicity of ultraviolet filters
- Exposure toultraviolet filters and other cosmetic ingredients
- Considerations of human risk
- Acknowledgements
- References
Mechanisms of action of particular endocrine-disrupting chemicals
F Pakdel, O Kah and B Jégou, Université de Rennes 1, France
- Introduction
- Nuclear receptor family: estrogen receptors
- Estrogenic/anti-estrogenic potency of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Androgenic/anti-androgenic potency of endocrine-disrupting chemicals
- Dioxin-like potency of endocrine-disrupting chemicals
- Conclusions and future trends
- Acknowledgements
- References
Epilogue