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Military textiles

Edited by E Wilusz, US Army Natick Soldier Center, USA

Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles No. 73

Most of the contents remain just as relevant to someone picking up the book for the first time today.
CBRNe World

A valuable source of knowledge for researchers and designers of protective textiles and clothing for defence applications.
CBRNe World

 - reviews the range of recent research on how military clothing can best meet soldier’s needs
 - examines damage resistance, sweat management and comfort
 - discusses the protective role of military textiles

Textiles for military uniforms face a complex set of challenges. They must provide protection, durability and comfort in a wide range of hostile environments. Military textiles reviews the range of recent research on how military clothing can best meet soldiers’ needs.

The first part of the book reviews general requirements of military textiles, including damage resistance, comfort, sweat management, cold-weather conditions and the integration of high-tech materials into uniforms. Part II concentrates on the protective role of military textiles, covering such areas as high-performance ballistic fibres, textiles for chemical and biological protection, camouflage materials and military fabrics for flame protection. The book also reviews the use of non-woven fabrics and new coatings for military applications.

With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Military textiles is a valuable reference for those researching and manufacturing military textiles, as well as those interested in the wider area of textiles for protection.

Published in association with The Textile Institute

£150.00 / US$255.00 / €180.00

An e-book version of this title is available to purchase as part of a Collection or Pick n Mix or by Chapter. Visit Woodhead Publishing Online

About the editor

Dr Eugene Wilusz works in the world-famous US Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center in Natick, Massachusetts. He is internationally-known for his research in materials for chemical and biological protective clothing.

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Contents

PART 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MILITARY TEXTILES
PART 2 PROTECTION

Introduction
E Wilusz, US Army Natick Soldier Research, Development & Engineering Center, USA

PART 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MILITARY TEXTILES

Future soldier requirements: Dealing with complexity
E Sparks, Cranfield University, UK
 - Introduction
 - The current and future challenges faced by the soldier
 - Dynamic complexity: The impact of the human
 - Provision of capability and how to make trade-off decisions
 - Summary
 - References

Non-woven fabrics for military applications
G A Thomas, Auburn University, USA
 - Introduction
 - Protective materials, devices and end-use requirements
 - Proper sections of fibers
 - Variations of fiber forms
 - Filament lay-up composites
 - Historical uses of non-woven ballistic-resistant fibers
 - Methodologies for use of non-woven ballistic-resistant fabrics
 - Future directions for non-woven fabric applications
 - References

Mechanical failure criteria for textiles and textile damage resistance
N Pan, University of California, USA
 - Introduction: Materials resistance, strength and failure
 - Material strengths
 - The peculiarities about textile mechanics
 - Failure criteria for fabrics
 - Other forms of failure for fabrics and garments
 - Fabric and garment failure reduction
 - References

The sensory properties and comfort of military fabrics and clothing
A V Cardello, US Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, USA
 - Introduction
 - The sensory and perceptual properties of fabrics and clothing
 - The comfort properties of fabrics and clothing
 - Cognitive influences on fabrics and clothing
 - Handfeel and comfort evaluations of military fabrics
 - Cognitive influences on fabric and clothing perception
 - The role of clothing comfort on military performance
 - Conclusions
 - Acknowledgment
 - References

Testing and analyzing comfort properties of textile materials for the military
F S Kilinc-Balci and Y El Mogahzy, Auburn University, USA
 - Introduction
 - The multiplicity of characterization methodologies of comfort
 - The trade-off between protection and comfort
 - The comfort trilobite: Tactile, thermal, and psychology
 - Modelling the comfort phenomena: The ultimate challenge
 - Comfort and protection in military clothing
 - Multiple-layer systems
 - Future trends
 - References
 - Bibliography

Sweat management for military applications
N Pan, University of California, USA
 - Introduction: Body/clothing/environment – the microclimate
 - Heat, moisture and human body thermoregulation
 - Heat and moisture interactions in the microclimate
 - Sweat management for military apparel applications
 - Conclusions
 - References

Cold-weather clothing
C Thwaites, W L Gore and Associates UK Limited, UK
 - Introduction
 - Cold weather
 - Physiological responses to cold
 - Clothing design principles
 - Estimation of the clothing insulation required
 - Evaluation system for textiles and garments
 - Selection of clothing for cold weather
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Designing military uniforms with high-tech materials
C A Gomes, Foster-Miller Inc., USA
 - Introduction
 - Design process
 - Features of military uniforms
 - Physiological monitoring
 - Thermal management
 - Signature management
 - Chemical and biological defense management
 - Flame resistance
 - Environmental defense
 - Body armor
 - Future trends
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

PART 2 PROTECTION

High-performance ballistic fibres
T Tam and A Bhatnagar, Honeywell International Inc., USA
 - Introduction
 - Classical high-performance fibers
 - Rigid chain aromatic high-performance fibers
 - High-temperature performance fibers
 - High-performance thermoplastic fibers
 - Physical properties comparison
 - Requirements for high-performance fiber
 - Aramid fibers
 - Gel spinning of ulta-high molecular weight polyethylene (HMPE) fiber
 - Poly(P-phenylenebenzobisoxazole) (PBO) fiber
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Ballistics testing of textile materials
D R Dunn, H P White Laboratory, Inc., USA
 - Introduction
 - Military usage of textiles
 - Armor testing
 - Ballistic limit (V50) testing
 - Residual velocity testing
 - Ballistic resistance testing
 - Blunt trauma (back-face deformation) testing
 - Appendix 1: US Military standards for armoring materials and commodities
 - Appendix 2: Glossary

Chemical and biological protection
Q Truong and E Wilusz, US Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, USA
 - Introduction
 - Current chemical/biological (CB) protective clothing and individual equipment standards
 - Different types of materials
 - Proper protective material designs
 - Clothing system designs
 - Testing and evaluation of chemical/biological protective materials and clothing systems
 - Future trends
 - Acknowledgements
 - References
 - Appendix 1: Chemical warfare agent characteristics
 - Appendix 2: Selected biological agent characteristics
 - Appendix 3: Protective gloves and shoes
 - Appendix 4: Overgarment and other chemical protective clothing systems
 - Appendix 5: Improved toxicological agent protective ensemble (ITAP), Self-contained, toxic, environment protective outfit (STEPO) and other selected civillian emergency response clothing systems
 - Appendix 6: Toxic industrial chemicals

Self-decontaminating materials for chemical biological protective clothing
G Sun, University of California, S Worley and R M Broughton Jr, Auburn University, USA
 - Introduction
 - Self-decontaminating materials
 - Applications
 - Future trends
 - Summary
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Camouflage fabrics for military protective clothing
P Sudhakar and N Gobi, K S Rangasamy College of Technology, M Senthilkumar, PSG Polytechnic College, India
 - Introduction
 - Methods for production of camouflage textiles
 - Chromic materials
 - Identification of chromophores
 - Synthesis of new polymers
 - Synthesis of monomeric and oligomeric chromophores
 - Conductive/conjugated polymers
 - Emissive polymers
 - Surface attachment of chromophores to conducting polymers
 - Processing of electrically conducting polymers
 - Assembling of gold nano particles
 - Conclusion
 - Acknowledgement
 - References

New developments in coatings and fibers for military applications
P Sudhakar, S Krishnaramesh and D Brightlivingstone, K S Rangasamy College of Technology, India
 - Introduction
 - Chemical agent resistant coatings
 - Influence of environmental regulations
 - Water-reducible, two-component polyurethane, chemical agent-resistant coating (CARC) topcoat
 - Contribution of binders and pigments
 - Functional garments for soldiers
 - New-generation fibers for military applications
 - Acknowledgement
 - References
 - Biography

Military fabrics for flame protection
C Winterhalter, US Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, USA
 - Introduction
 - Types of fabrics and their performance
 - Measuring flame and thermal performance
 - Clothing system configurations and their performance
 - Future trends
 - References