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Standardisation of thermal cycling exposure testingEdited by M Schütze and M Malessa, DECHEMA, Germany
European Federation of Corrosion (EFC) Series No. 53
- provides the essential background for an appropriate code of practice
- reviews the range of existing test procedures
The thermal cyclic oxidation test has become one of the most widely accepted ways of measuring high temperature corrosion. There has long been a need for an agreed code of practice with standardised methods and procedures to ensure both the comparability and reliability of the results obtained. Based on an EU project, ‘Cyclic oxidation testing – development of a code of practice for the characterisation of high temperature materials performance’ (COTEST), this volume provides the essential background to an appropriate code of practice.
The first part of the book reviews the range of existing test procedures. Part two summarises research on the influence of various test parameters on thermal cycling oxidation behaviour, including both long dwell and short dwell thermal cycling oxidation. The third and final part of the book describes the resulting code of practice which is being considered by the ISO/TC 156 Working Group 13 responsible for an appropriate international standard.
With its distinguished editor and team of contributors, this important book is a standard reference for all those conducting thermal cycling oxidation testing or assessing its implications in such sectors as the power industry.
ISBN 1 84569 273 X
ISBN-13: 978 1 84569 273 5
July 2007
296 pages 234 x 156mm hardback
£145.00 / US$245.00 / €175.00
Usually dispatched within 24 hours
About the editors
Professor Dr-Ing. Michael Schütze is Director of Karl-Winnacker-Institut der DECHEMA (The Society for Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology) in Frankfurt, Germany. He is also President of the European Federation of Corrosion (EFC) and Chair of the EFC Working Party 3 (Corrosion by Hot Gases and Combustion Products).
Dr Maik Malessa also works at DECHEMA.
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Contents
PART 1 METHODS AND PROCEDURES IN THERMAL CYCLING OXIDATION TESTING PRIOR TO COTEST
PART 2 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE INFLUENCE OF TEST PARAMETER VARIATION ON THERMAL CYCLING OXIDATION BEHAVIOUR
PART 3 CODE OF PRACTICE
PART 1 METHODS AND PROCEDURES IN THERMAL CYCLING OXIDATION TESTING PRIOR TO COTEST
Survey of existing test procedures and experimental facilities
S Osgerby, National Physical Laboratory, UK
- Introduction
- Summary of layout
- Temperature control
- Heating/cooling practice
- Atmosphere
- Testpieces - geometry, Preparation and handling
- Measurement/evaluation techniques
- Conclusions
Compilation of cyclic oxidation data
R Pettersson, SIMR, Sweden
- Introduction
- Cycle length and test duration
- Materials and environments
- Variability of results
- Influence of experimental variables
- Conclusions
Statistical analysis of cyclic oxidation data
S Coleman, D. McGeeney, Newcastle University, UK and R Pettersson, SIMR, Sweden
- Test parameters
- Comparing and summarising the mass change data
- Statistical analysis – within sources
- Statistical analysis - across data sources
- Number of replicates required for future experiments
- Conclusions
- Recommendations
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
PART 2 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE INFLUENCE OF TEST PARAMETER VARIATION ON THERMAL CYCLING OXIDATION BEHAVIOUR
Standardised test procedures, definitions and statistical design of experiments for investigation of test parameter variation on thermal cycling oxidation testing
M Schütze, M Malessa, DECHEMA e.V., Germany and S Coleman, Newcastle University, UK
- Introduction
- Preparation of corrosion test specimen and equipment
- Different thermal cycles investigated
- Analysis of results and post-test evaluation
- Statistical design of experiments
The effect of heating on the total oxidation time
G Strehl, G Borchardt, Technische Universität Clausthal, Germany
- Introduction
- Heating of the sample
- Oxide Growth under nonisothermal conditions
- Influence of the heating phase on the oxidation time
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
Investigation of the influence of parameter variation in long dwell thermal cycling oxidation
L Niewolak, W J Quadakkers, Forschungzentrum Jülich, Germany
- Introduction
- Experimental setup
- Experimental results
Investigation of the influence of parameter variation in short dwell thermal cycling oxidation
M Schütze, M Malessa, DECHEMA e.V., Germany
- Introduction
- Experimental investigation of reference materials under internally standardized thermal cycling oxidation conditions
Investigation of the influence of parameter variation in ultra short dwell thermal cycling oxidation
J R Nicholls, Cranfield University, UK
- Introduction
- Definition of suitable test conditions
- Possible alternative test procedures
- Design of a ‘Focused light’ rapid thermal cycle test facility
- Design of a joule heating device for wire and foil materials
- Ultra short dwell’ experiments
- Conclusions
Burner rig thermal cycling oxidation testing
A Kliewe, MTU Aero Engines GmbH, Germany and S Osgerby NPL Ltd., UK
- Introduction
- Low velocity burner rig
- High velocity burner rig
Thermal cycling oxidation testing in sulphidising atmospheres
C Rinaldi, L Torri, CESI S.p. A., Italy and H P Bossmann, Alstom Power Ltd., Switzerland
- Introduction
- Fe-based materials
- Ni-based materials
Thermal cycling oxidation testing under deposits
M Mäkipää, VTT, Finland
- Introduction
- Definition of suitable test conditions
- Deposit testing (WP5B)
- Development of a draft code of practice for thermal cycling oxidation testing under deposit conditions
- Validation of the draft code of practice for cyclic oxidation testing under deposit conditions
- Testing procedure
- Test results
- Post-exposure characterization of the samples
- Conclusions
PART 3 CODE OF PRACTICE
Validation testing of the code of practice and statistical analysis of experimental results
J R Nicholls, Cranfield University, S Coleman, Newcastle University, UK and M Malessa, M Schütze, DECHEMA e.V., Germany
- Introduction
- Validation test matrix
- Analysis of experimental data
- Graphical analysis of results
- Statistical analysis
- Prediction of alloy oxidation behaviour
- Conclusions
Final Code of Practice
M Schütze, (on behalf of the Working Party 3) DECHEMA e.V., Germany
- Scope
- Normative References
- Definition
- Test apparatus
- Test pieces
- Test method
- Post-test evaluation of test pieces
- Report
- Annex A
- Annex B
Final remarks
M Schütze, M Malessa, DECHEMA e.V., Germany
- Summary
- Conclusion