This item is in: Materials > Corrosion and surface engineering > Corrosion

Corrosion by carbon and nitrogen: Metal dusting, carburisation and nitridation

H Grabke and M Schütze

European Federation of Corrosion (EFC) Series No. 41

…well written and provides initial knowledge of metal dusting.
Materials World

 - reviews this corrosion process and how it affects the petrochemical and other industries
 - discusses the effect of particular gas mixtures on the corrosion process

Metal dusting is a form of corrosion involving the disintegration of metals and alloys into a dust of graphite and metal particles when exposed to a carburizing atmosphere. This important book reviews the factors affecting metal dusting and how it can be prevented in sectors such as the chemical and petrochemical industries and in the direct reduction of iron ores. It also considers the related corrosion phenomena of carburization and nitridation.

After an introductory chapter setting out the key processes involved in metal dusting, the book reviews how this corrosion process affects a range of metals such as iron and steel, as well as nickel-based and chromium-based high-temperature alloys. There are chapters on the effects of particular gas mixtures on the corrosion process and on the use of coatings to prevent metal dusting. Processes involved in carburization and nitridation are also described and discussed.

With its distinguished editors and team of contributors, Corrosion by carbon and nitrogen is a valuable reference for all those concerned with understanding and preventing these corrosion processes in various industries.

ISBN 1 84569 232 2
ISBN-13: 978 1 84569 232 2
June 2007
332 pages  234 x 156mm  hardback  
£135.00 / US$230.00 / €160.00

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About the authors

Professor Dr Dr h.c. Hans Grabke is former Head of the Department of Physical Chemistry at the Max Planck Institut für Eisenforschung in Dusseldorf, Germany.

Professor Dr-Ing. Michael Schütze is Director of DECHEMA (The Society for Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology) in Frankfurt, Germany. He is also Chair of the European Federation of Corrosion (EFC) Working Party 3 (Corrosion by Hot Gases and Combustion Products) and current President of the EFC.

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Contents

Metal dusting
H J Grabke, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Germany
 - Definition of metal dusting
 - Thermodynamics and kinetics of gas-metal reactions
 - Mechanisms of metal dusting
 - Kinetics of metal wastage and cooking on iron and low alloy steels
 - Metal dusting of high alloy steels
 - Metal dusting of Ni-base alloys
 - Protection against metal dusting
 - References

The metal dusting corrosion of steels with varying concentrations of chromium
C M Chun and T A Ramanarayanan, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, USA
 - Introduction
 - Experimental approach
 - Results
 - Discussion
 - Summary
 - References

Microprocesses of metal dusting on iron-nickel alloys and their dependence on the alloy composition
E Pippel and J Woltersdorf, Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik and H J Grabke, Max-Planck-Institute for Eisenforschung, Germany
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Results
 - Discussion
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Metal dusting behaviour of welded ni-base alloys with different surface finish
H J Grabke and E M Müller-Lorenz, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung and M Zinke, Institut für Füge- und Strahltechnik, Germany
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Results
 - Conclusions
 - References

Effect of H2S on metal dusting of iron
A Schneider and H J Grabke, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Germany
 - Introduction
 - Effect of H2S on carburisation kinetics and graphite formation
 - Carbon diffusion in cementite and Hägg carbide
 - Thermodynamics of Hägg carbide formation
 - Decomposition of Fe3C and Fe5C2
 - Iron sulphide formation in H2S containing atmospheres
 - Practical aspects of sulphur adsorption
 - Acknowledgement
 - References

Occurrence of metal dusting – referring to failure cases
H J Grabke and M Spiegel, Max Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Germany
 - Metal dusting – Present knowledge
 - Failure cases
 - Conclusions
 - References

Protective behaviour of newly developed coatings against metal dusting
C Rosado and M Schütze, Karl-Winnacker-Institut der Dechema, Germany
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Results and discussion
 - Conclusions
 - Acknowledgments
 - References

Metal dusting resistance of high chromium alloys
H J Grabke and E M Müller-Lorenz, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Germany and H P Martinz, Plansee AG, Austria
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Results
 - Discussion
 - References

Study of the metal dusting behaviour of high-temperature alloys
F Di Gabriele, J R Bernstein, M M Al-Qhatani, Z Liu, M P Jordan and F H Stott, Corrosion and Protection Centre and J A Richardson, Anticorrosion Consulting, UK
 - Introduction
 - Experimental work
 - Results
 - Discussion
 - Conclusions
 - Acknowledgement
 - References

Metal dusting of ferritic Fe-Al-M-C (M = Ti, V, Nb, Ta) alloys in CO-H2-H2O gas mixtures at 650 °
A Schneider and J Zhang, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Germany
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Thermodynamic calculations
 - Results
 - Discussion
 - Conclusions
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

a-Fe layer formation during metal dusting of iron in CO-H2-H2O gas mixtures
J Zhang, A Schneider and G Inden, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Germany
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Results
 - Discussion
 - Conclusions
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Coke formation during metal dusting of iron in CO-H2-H2O gas with high CO content
J Zhang, A Schneider and G Inden, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Germany
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Results
 - Discussion
 - Conclusions
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Morphologies and mechanisms of metal dusting on high alloy steels
P Szakálos, Swedish Institute for Metals Research (SIMR), Sweden
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Results
 - Discussion
 - Conclusions
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Filamentous carbon formation caused by catalytic metal particles from iron oxide
F Bonnet and F Ropital, Institut Français du Pétrole and Y Berthier and P Marcus, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Surfaces, France
 - Introduction
 - Thermodynamic calculations
 - Experimental Procedure
 - Results
 - Discussion
 - Conclusion
 - References

Typical failures in pyrolysis coils for ethylene cracking
D Jakobi, Schmidt + Clemens Group, Germany and R Gommans, Gommans Metallurgical Services, The Netherlands
 - Introduction
 - Damage mechanisms
 - Metallurgical background of the main failure mechanisms
 - Processt Technological background
 - Conclusions
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Thermodynamic characteristics and numerical modelling of internal nitridation of nickel base alloys
H-J Christ, S-Y Chang and U Krupp, Institut für Werkstofftechnik, Germany
 - Introduction
 - Experimental procedures
 - Results and discussion
 - Conclusions
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Nitridation in NH3-H2O-mixtures
H J Grabke, S Strauss and D Vogel, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Germany
 - Introduction
 - Experimental
 - Results
 - Discussion
 - Acknowledgement
 - References